Pharmacokinetics Exam 2 (Old Exam Questions)

Front 1

The ratio of the concentration between a lipid phase and an aqueous phase at equilibrium is called?

Back 1

apparent partition coefficient

Front 2

The actual site of action of a drug in the body is called the?

Back 2

biophase

Front 3

The binding of a drug to a protein to form a reversible complex is called?

Back 3

protein binding

Front 4

Drugs whose pharmacological action is not dependent on the chemical structure are called?

Back 4

structural nonspecific drugs

Front 5

The type of tissue that makes up the lining of the lungs and therefore allows easy diffusion of gas is called?

Back 5

simple squamous

Front 6

Movement of drugs from the site of administration into the blood supply is most often by a process called?

Back 6

passive diffusion

Front 7

The absorption of macro molecules which are too large for normal transport into a cell can occur by?

Back 7

pinocytosis

Front 8

Energy is required to move drugs across a membrane using this mechanism?

Back 8

active transport

Front 9

The movement of small molecules through the pores in a cell membrane is called?

Back 9

convective transport

Front 10

In order for quaternary ammonium compound to be absorbed it will most likely use this mechanism?

Back 10

ion-pair transport

Front 11

The interaction of one chemical with a drug outside the receptor is called?

Back 11

chemical antagonism

Front 12

Naloxone acts to block the effect of morphine by displacing it from the receptor site. This is called?

Back 12

competitive antagonism

Front 13

H2 blockers act by competitive antagonism to reduce the production of stomach acid. Proton pump inhibitors also reduce the product of stomach acid but this mechanism?

Back 13

non-equilibrium antagonism

Front 14

The Michaelis-Menten Equation can be used to describe the rate of absorption for this mechanism of absorption?

Back 14

active transport

Front 15

Passive diffusion is best described by this equation?

Back 15

Fick's Law

Front 16

The degree of ionization of a weak acid or weak base can be calculated using this equation?

Back 16

Henderson-Hasselbalck

Front 17

The rate of dissolution of a solid is described by this equation?

Back 17

Noyes Whitney

Front 18

A patient is on Drug A. Drug A is a weak acid and highly protein bound in the plasma. It is excreted unchanged in the urine. A second drug, which is a weak base and moderately protein bound, is added to the system. What will be the effect on drug A?

Back 18

No effect on drug A

Front 19

A patient is on Drug A. Drug A is a weak acid and highly protein bound in the plasma. It is excreted unchanged in the urine. What would be the effect of adding a second drug that is a weak acid and strongly protein bound?

Back 19

increased initial therapeutic effect of drug A but reduced half life of drug A

Front 20

A patient is on Drug A. Drug A is a weak acid and highly protein bound in the plasma. It is excreted unchanged in the urine. What would be the effect on the drug if the patient took large doses of vitamin C? Vitamin C is a weak acid that is not protein bound.

Back 20

No change in initial therapeutic effect of drug A but increased half life of drug A

Front 21

The body eliminates drugs by two general mechanisms - urinary excretion and metabolism. Metabolism primarily happens in the liver. The rate of metabolism can vary based on the levels of enzymes present. Select the incorrect statement from those below.

a. chronic use of a drug can cause an increase in the levels of enzymes that metabolize the drug

b. a single dose of a drug might cause a reduction of the levels of an enzyme for a brief period of time but will not cause an increase in enzymes

c. some metabolic pathways change drugs to allow them to be excreted by the kidney by making them less water soluble

d. adding a sulfate group to a drug is form of metabolism

e. chronic use of one drug can cause an increase in enzymes and thus increase the rate of metabolism of some other drugs

Back 21

c. some metabolic pathways change drugs to allow them to be excreted by the kidney by making them less water soluble

Front 22

Which statement describes conjugation?

a. chronic use of a drug can cause an increase in the levels of enzymes that metabolize the drug

b. a single dose of a drug might cause a reduction of the levels of an enzyme for a brief period of time but will not cause an increase in enzymes

c. some metabolic pathways change drugs to allow them to be excreted by the kidney by making them less water soluble

d. adding a sulfate group to a drug is form of metabolism

e. chronic use of one drug can cause an increase in enzymes and thus increase the rate of metabolism of some other drugs

Back 22

d. adding a sulfate group to a drug is form of metabolism

Front 23

Which statement describes auto-induction?

a. chronic use of a drug can cause an increase in the levels of enzymes that metabolize the drug

b. a single dose of a drug might cause a reduction of the levels of an enzyme for a brief period of time but will not cause an increase in enzymes

c. some metabolic pathways change drugs to allow them to be excreted by the kidney by making them less water soluble

d. adding a sulfate group to a drug is form of metabolism

e. chronic use of one drug can cause an increase in enzymes and thus increase the rate of metabolism of some other drugs

Back 23

a. chronic use of a drug can cause an increase in the levels of enzymes that metabolize the drug

Front 24

The rate of metabolism of a drug at or near saturation can best be described by which equation?

Back 24

Michaelis-Menten

Front 25

An increase of one in the pH of a solution will cause the ration of ionized to unionized species of a weak acid to?

Back 25

increase ten fold

Front 26

An increase of one in the pH of a solution will cause the ratio of ionized to unionized species of a weak base to?

Back 26

decrease ten fold

Front 27

If a drug is a weak acid with a pKa of 5.4 what is the ratio of ionized to unionized in the plasma that has a pH of 7.4?

Back 27

100 to 1

Front 28

I have obtained a 10mL sample of human plasma. I have dissolved 100mg of drug in the sample. I now filter the sample through a Millipore filter and measure the concentration of drug in the filtrate and find it is 2mg/mL. What percent of the drug that I added to the plasma was protein bound?

Back 28

80%

Front 29

How easily a drug can reach the receptor is dependent on how well the tissue that houses the receptor is perfused by the blood. Which tissue or organ has poor blood flow?

Back 29

Adipose tissue

Front 30

Drugs are sometimes stored in various tissues in the body. A tissue that will be likely to store a lipid soluble drug is?

Back 30

adipose tissue

Front 31

Adding ions to a solution can cause other compounds in the solution to precipitate out. This is called?

Back 31

salting out

Front 32

What is the impact of congestive heart disease on the excretion of drugs through the kidney?

Back 32

decrease the rate

Front 33

A patient with a kidney infection will lose protein in the urine. What effect if any will this have on the rate of excretion of a highly protein bound drug?

Back 33

increase the rate

Front 34

The LADMER system is used to help us understand the fate of a drug once it is administered. Which part of the system is bypassed when the drug is administered as an IV solution?

Back 34

L

Front 35

A fluid mosaic model of a biological membrane which is considered highly adaptive and applies to both the cell and organelle membranes is called the?

Back 35

Singer-Nelson Model

Front 36

The integral of the drug level over time from zero time to infinity is a measure of the quantity of drug absorbed. It is called?

Back 36

Area under the curve

Front 37

This is achieved if its extent and rate of absorption are not statistically significantly different from those of the standard when administered at the same mole dose...

Back 37

Bioquivalence

Front 38

This is defined as the hypothetical plasma volume (mL) cleared of the unmetabolized drug per unit time (min)....

Back 38

total clearance

Front 39

The maintenance of a steady state that characterizes the internal environment of a health organism is called?

Back 39

homeostasis

Front 40

The AUC and Cmax can change based on changes in either the rate of absorption after an oral dose of a drug or the terminal rate of elimination. There is a drug product with a 100% absolute bioavailability. If you administered the same dose of that drug as an oral solution rather than a tablet what do you expect would happen to the AUC and Cmax?

Back 40

AUC is unchanged Cmax goes up

Front 41

There is a drug product with 100% absolute bioavilability. It is has a tendency to induce enzymes what would the changes in Cmax and AUC would you expect when comparing the initial steady state levels with results for steady state after 6mon of use?

Back 41

Both AUC and Cmax would decrease

Front 42

If a drug is eliminated 100% by the kidneys. It is sold as the hydrochloride salt. What would be the effect of ingestion of large quantities of an acid juice? Assume that this is the first dose of the drug. (Not Steady-State)

Back 42

The drugs duration of effect would go down and its initial intensity of effect would go up

Front 43

A drug has a high % of protein binding. What would be the impact of a decrease in the amount of circulating albumin?

Back 43

The drugs duration of effect would not change but the initial intensity would go up

Front 44

A drug has been administered via an IV bolus dose of 100mg every 8hr. A blood sample was obtained right before and right after the 10th dose. The values for those blood concentration were 2.5mg/L and 5mcg/mL respectively. Select the closest estimate of the half-life of the drug.

Back 44

8hrs

Front 45

The displacement of drugs from protein binding sites in the plasma can have an effect on both intensity of the response and the duration of the response. A patient has been stabilized on a combination of two drugs. Drug A is a weak acid that is highly protein bound (90%) the Drug B is a weak base that is moderately bound (50%). Drug A is 100% eliminated by the kidney. Drug B is 60% metabolized by the liver and 40% excreted by the kidney. Answer the following question with these

If the pt stops taking drug B what will be the effect on drug A?

Back 45

There will be no change in the response or the duration of effect

Front 46

The displacement of drugs from protein binding sites in the plasma can have an effect on both intensity of the response and the duration of the response. A patient has been stabilized on a combination of two drugs. Drug A is a weak acid that is highly protein bound (90%) the Drug B is a weak base that is moderately bound (50%). Drug A is 100% eliminated by the kidney. Drug B is 60% metabolized by the liver and 40% excreted by the kidney. Answer the following question with these

The pt begins to take aspirin that is strongly bound acidic drug. What will be the effect on drug A?

Back 46

The initial response will go up but the duration will go down

Front 47

The displacement of drugs from protein binding sites in the plasma can have an effect on both intensity of the response and the duration of the response. A patient has been stabilized on a combination of two drugs. Drug A is a weak acid that is highly protein bound (90%) the Drug B is a weak base that is moderately bound (50%). Drug A is 100% eliminated by the kidney. Drug B is 60% metabolized by the liver and 40% excreted by the kidney. Answer the following question with these

The pt begins to take a regular amount of antacid?

Back 47

the half-life of A will go down while the half-life of B will go up

Front 48

The displacement of drugs from protein binding sites in the plasma can have an effect on both intensity of the response and the duration of the response. A patient has been stabilized on a combination of two drugs. Drug A is a weak acid that is highly protein bound (90%) the Drug B is a weak base that is moderately bound (50%). Drug A is 100% eliminated by the kidney. Drug B is 60% metabolized by the liver and 40% excreted by the kidney. Answer the following question with these

The pt has total kidney failure. Neither drug is well removed by dialysis. What do you recommend?

Back 48

Replace drug A with a drug excreted through the metabolism and increase the dosing interval for drug B

Front 49

A prescription calls for an oral dosage form with a concentration of 40mg/mL. There is available a drug powder for reconstitution that when reconstituted with 70mLs of water will make 100mLs of solution with a concentration of 250mg/5mL. How much water should be added to the dry powder to make the prescription concentration as called for?

Back 49

88mL

Front 50

If Xanax has a half-life of 15hrs, how long will it take for the levels in the body to drop from 24ng/mL to 3ng/mL?

Back 50

45hr

Front 51

After an oral dose of 300mg of a drug, the AUC was 1245mcg/mL*hrs. After an IV dose of 150mg of the same drug the AUC was 790mcg/mL*hrs. What is the fraction of the dose absorbed?

Back 51

0.788

Front 52

The cell has three major areas - membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Which of the following are located in the cell membrane?

a. organelles

b. golgi apparatus

c. phospholipids

d. DNA

e. vauoles

Back 52

phospholipids

Front 53

There are four types of epithelial tissue. Which type is present in the mouth?

Back 53

stratified squamous

Front 54

There are four types of epithelial tissue. Which is present in the alveoli of the lungs?

Back 54

simple squamous

Front 55

Which structure in the cell is responsible for cell respiration?

Back 55

mitochondria

Front 56

Drugs that enter the cell must pass through or around the cell membrane. Which major component of the cell is most like a surfactant?

Back 56

phospholipids

Front 57

Which component of the cell membrane (or coat) is responsible for connecting one cell to another?

Back 57

chondroitin

Front 58

The Singer-Nelson fluid mosaic model for a cell membrane differs from the simple lipid bilayer model. The main difference is that...

Back 58

the Sinder-Nelson model has no unfolded proteins

Front 59

The drug-receptor interaction can be the basis for a drugs therapeutic usefulness. Examples of structural nonspecific drugs include:

Back 59

ether