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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phenylpropionic Derivatives
- type of drug - mechanism - adverse effects |
- largest group of aspirin alternatives
- inhibit cyclo-oxygenase and prostaglandin synthesis - cause fewer GI side effects than aspirin so are being used in place of aspirin |
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Celecoxib
- type of drug - mechanism - what do they treat - adverse effects |
- new NSAIDs
- inhibit COX-2 - rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis - could cause cardiovascular damage |
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Combination Preparations
- what are the 3 combinations |
- aspirin + Acetaminophen
- NSAIDs + caffeine - NSAIDs + Opioid |
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what drug is used to treat migraine headaches
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Sumatriptan
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what happens in the brain that leads to Parkinson's disease
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progressive and selective loss of neurons from specific brain regions
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what are some other neurodegenerative disorders
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ALS
Alzheimer's disease Huntington' disease |
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what are the 4 symptoms of Parkinson's disease
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muscular rigidity
tremor bradykinesia postural instability |
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Parkinsons is an idiopathic disease that if left untreated will do what
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progress to a rigid, akinetic state in which patients can no longer care for themselves
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the therapy of Parkinson's is to enhance action of what
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dopamine in the CNS
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what is the first mechanism to enhance action of dopamine
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replacement of CNS dopamine by giving the dopamine precursor L-DOPA
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what is the immediate precursor of dopamine
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Levodopa
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Levodopa
- what does it do |
- increases dopamine production within the basal ganglia
usually combined with a peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor to decrease side effects |
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the combination of Levodopa combined with peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor is called what
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sinemet
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what is the 2nd mechanism to enhance action of dopamine
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administration of direct acting dopamine agonists
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what are the 2 dopamine receptor agonists
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bromocriptine
pramipexole |
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what do bromocriptine and pramipexole do
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directly stimulate CNS post synaptic dopamine receptors
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what is the 3rd mechanism to enhance action of dopamine
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use of agents that alter dopamine metabolsim or synaptic concentration
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what is the MAO-B inhibitor (i have no idea what this means)
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selegiline
(oh of course) |
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what does the MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline do
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blocks major pathway in dopamine metabolism thus increasing the duraction of action of dopamine
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what is the 4th and final mechanism to enhance the action of dopamine
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a depression of unopposed CNS cholinergic systems
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what does benztropine do to enhance dopamine
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blocks the increased excitatory activity of cholinergic interneurons on outflow pathways from basal ganglia, secondary to the loss of dopamine inhibition of these neurons
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a primary therapy for Parkinson's is dopamine replacement via the use of what
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levodopa (L-DOPA)
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does dopamine cross the blood brain barrier
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no
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b/c dopamine does not cross the blood brain barrier, what does this mean
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large doses of the immediate metabolic precursor which does enter the brain where its converted to dopamine
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what % of administered L-DOPA enters the brain with the majority converted to dopamine
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1%
so high doses must be given which gives a lot of side effects |
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b/c of the side effects of large doses, L-DOPA is given with what
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carbidopa
- a peripheral DOPA sinemet |
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carbidopa will greatly reduce the peripheral side effects but will not reduce what
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CNS untoward effects
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what are the 2 dopamine agonists
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Bromocriptine
Pramipexole |
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Dopamine Agonists
- duration of action - mechanism |
- longer duration of action
- provide direct stimulation of CNS dopamine receptors and do not require enzymatic conversion to dopamine |
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Bromocriptine
- type of drug - mechanism |
- non-selective dopamine agonist
- stimulates both D1 and D2- like dopamine receptors |
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Pramipexole
- type of drug - mechanism |
- dopamine agonist
- selective stimulants of D2 dopamine receptor produce fewer side effects |
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Selegiline
- type of drug - mechanism |
- monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor
- inhibitor of MAO that increases dopamine levels by reducing its metabolic inactivation |
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Benztropine
- type of drug - mechanism - adverse effects |
- muscarinic receptor antagonists
- block cholinergic mechanisms in the striatum that are normally opposed by tonic release of dopamine - cycloplegia, dry mouth, urinary retention - with high doses, CNS effects (confusion, hallucinations) may occur may improve tremor and rigidity |