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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
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Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Also called symathomimetics.
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ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
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Receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine
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ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
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A class of adrenergic receptors that are further subdivided into alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic receptors, and are differentiated by their anatomic location in the tissues, muscles, and organs regulated by specific autonomic nerve fibers.
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AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS
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Bodily functions that are involuntary and result from the physiologic activity of the autonomic nervous system. The functions often occur in pairs of opposing actions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)
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A branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions. It consists of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
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BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
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Receptors located on postsynaptic effector cells of tissues, muscles, and organs stimulated by specific autonomic nerve fibers. Beta1-adrenergic receptors are located primarily in the heart, whereas Beta2-adrenergic receptors are located in the smooth muscle fibers fo the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs
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CATECHOLAMINES
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Substances that can produce a sympathomimetic response. They are either endogenous catecholamines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) or synthetic catecholamine drugs (such as dobutamene).
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DOPAMINERGIC RECEPTOR
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A third type of adrenergic receptor (in addition to alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors) located in various tissues and organs and activated by the bidning of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which can be either endogenous or a synthetic drug form
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MYDRIASIS
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Pupillary dilation, whether natural (physiologic) or drug induced
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OPHTHALMICS
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Drugs that are used in the eye
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POSTIIVE CHRONOTROPIC EFFECTIVE
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An increase in heart rate
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POSITIVE DROMOTROPIC
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An increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, which results in the transfer of nerve action potentials from the atria to the ventricles. This ultimately leads to a systolic heartbeat (ventricular contractions).
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POSITIVE INOTROIC EFFECT
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An increase inteh force fo contraction of the hear muscle (myocardium).
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SYMPATHOMIMETICS
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Drugs used therapeutically that mimic the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Also called adrenergic agonists.
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SYNAPTIC CLEFT
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The space either between two adjacent nerve cell membranes or between a nerve cell membrane and an effector organ cell membrane (also called synapse).
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AGONISTS
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Drugs with a specific receptor affinity that mimic the body's natural chemicals (e.g., hormones, neurotransmitters).
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ANGINA
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Paroxysmal (sudden) chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
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ANTAGONISTS
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Drugs that bind to specific receptors and inhibit or block the response of the receptors
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DYSRHYTHMIAS
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Irregular heart rhythms; almost always called arrhythmias in clinical practice
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EXTRAVASATION
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The leaking of fluid from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues, as in the case of an infiltrated intravenous infusion
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INTRINSIC SYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY
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The paradoxical action of some beta-blockign drugs (e.g., acebutolol) that mimics the action of the sympathetic nervous system
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LIPOPHILICITY
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The chemical attraction of a substance (e.g., drug molecule) to lipid or fat molecules
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PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
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A vascular adrenal gland tumor that is usually benign but secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine and thus often causes CNS stimulation and substantial blood pressure elevation
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SYMPAHTOLYTICS
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Drugs that inhibit the postganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system
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ACETYLCHOLINE (Ach)
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The neurotransmitter responsible for transmission of nerve impulses to effector cells in the parasympathetic nervous system
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ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
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The enzyme responsible for the breakdown of Ach (also referred to simply as cholinesterase).
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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
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A disease of the brain that is characterized by progressive mental deterioration manifested by confusion, disorientation, and loss of memory, ability to calculate, and visual-spatial orientation
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CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR
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A nerve receptors that is stimulated by Ach
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MIOSIS
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The contraction of the pupil
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MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS
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Cholinergic receptors that are located post-synaptically in the effector organs such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands supplied by parasympathetic fibers
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NICOTINIC RECEPTORS
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Cholinergic receptors located in the ganglia (where pre-synaptic and post-synaptic nerve fibers meet) of both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system; so named because they can be stimulated by the alkaloid nicotine
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PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS
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Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic nervous system; also referred to as cholinergic agonist drugs
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CHOLINERGIC-BLOCKING DRUGS
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Drugs that block the action of Ach and substances similar to Ach at receptor sites in the synapse. Such drugs block the action of the cholinergic nerves that transmit impulses through the release of Ach at their synapse
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MYDRIASIS
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Dilation of the pupil of the eye caused by contraction of the dilator muscle of the iris
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PARASYMPATHOLYTICS
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Drugs that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system; also called anticholinergics.
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