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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Leuprolide, naferelin mechanism of action?
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GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion; antagonist when used in continuous fashion (downregulates GnRH receptors, thus decreasing FSH/LH).
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Leuprolide, naferelin uses?
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Infertility (pulsatile), prostate cancer (continuous, with flutamide), uterine fibroids, endometriosis.
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Leuprolide, naferelin side effects?
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Antiandrogen effects (gynectomastia, male infertility, decreased libido), nausea, vomiting.
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Testosterone (methyltestosterone) mechanism of action?
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Agonist at androgen receptors.
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Testosterone (methyltestosterone) uses?
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Treats hypgonadism and promotes development of secondary sex characteristics; stimulation of anabolism to promote burn or injury recovery.
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Testosterone (methyltestosterone) side effects?
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Masculinization in females; reduces intratesticular testosterone levels in males by inhibiting release of LH, leading to gonadal atrophy. Premature closure of epiphyseal plates. Increases LDL, decreases HDL.
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Finasteride mechanism of action?
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5-alpha-reductase inhibitor; decrases conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
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Finasteride uses?
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BPH and promotes hair growth.
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Finasteride side effects?
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0
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Flutamide mechanism of action?
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Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor.
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Flutamide uses?
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Prostate cancer.
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Flutamide side effects?
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0
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Ketoconazole mechanism of action?
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Inhibits steroid synthesis (inhibits desmolase).
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Ketoconazole uses?
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Used in treatment of polycystic ovarian sndrome to prevent hirsutism.
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Ketoconazole side effects?
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Gynectomastia, amenorrhea.
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Spironolactone mechanism of action?
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Inhibits steroid binding.
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Spironolactone uses?
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Used in treatment of polycystic ovarian sndrome to prevent hirsutism.
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Spironolactone side effects?
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Gynectomastia, amenorrhea.
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Ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol mechanism of action?
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Estrogen receptor agonist.
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Ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol uses?
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Hypogonadism or ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women; androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
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Ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol side effects?
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Increased risk of endometrial cancer; bleeding in postmenopausal women. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in females exposed to DES in uteru. Increased risk of thrombi. Contraindicate with ER-positive breast cancer, hx of DVTs.
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Clomiphene mechanism of action?
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Partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus. Prevents normal feedback inhibition and increases release of LH and FSH, which stimulates ovulation.
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Clomiphene uses?
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Infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Clomiphene side effects?
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Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies, and visual disturbances.
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Tamoxifen mechanism of action?
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Estrogen antagonist.
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Tamoxifen uses?
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ER-positive breast cancer.
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Raloxifene mechanism of action?
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Estrogen antagonist with breast cancer; estrogen agonist on bone.
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Raloxifene uses?
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ER-positive breast cancer. Reduces resorption of bone in osteoporosis.
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Hormone replacement therapy uses?
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Prevents menopausal symptoms (hot falshes, vaginal atrophy) and osteoporosis.
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Hormone replacement therapy side effects?
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Increases risk of endometrial cancer; progesterone decreases risk but increases CV disease.
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Anastozole mechanism of action?
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Aromatase inhibitor.
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Anastozole uses?
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Postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
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Exemestane mechanism of action?
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Aromatase inhibitor.
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Exemestane uses?
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Postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
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Progestins (medroxyprosgesterone, norethindrone, desogestrel) mechanism of action?
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Progesterone agonist; reduces growth and increases vascularization of endometrium.
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Progestins (medroxyprosgesterone, norethindrone, desogestrel) uses?
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Oral contraceptives and in the treatment of endometrial cancer and abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Progestins (medroxyprosgesterone, norethindrone, desogestrel) side effects?
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Lowers HDL, raises LDL; glucose intolerance; androgenic (hirsutism), antiestrogenic
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Mifepristone mechanism of action?
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Competitive progesterone antagonist.
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Mifepristone uses?
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Termination of pregnancy; administered with misoprostol (PGE1)
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Mifepristone side effects?
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Heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorexia), abdominal pain.
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Oral contraceptives mechanism of action?
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Synthetic progestins, estrogen. Inhibit LH/FSH thus prevent estrogen surge. No estrogen surge means no Lh surge thus no ovulation.
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Oral contraceptives uses?
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Thickens cervical mucous thereby limiting sperm access to uterus; inhibit endometrial proliferation thus making impantation less likely.
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Oral contraceptives side effects?
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Contraindicate in smokers > 35 years of age (CV risk), patients with hx of DVTs, stroke or estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
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Ritodrine, terbutaline mechanism of action?
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Beta-2 adrenergic agonists.
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Ritodrine, terbutaline uses?
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Relax the uterus; reduce premature uterine contractions.
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Ritodrine, terbutaline side effects?
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0
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Tamsulosin mechanism of action?
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Alpha-1 receptor antagonist. Selective for alpha1(A,D) receptors found on prostate. Little efect on vascular alpha1(B) receptors.
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Tamsulosin uses?
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Treats BPH by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction.
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Sildenafil, vardenafil mechanism of action?
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Inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase, cuasing increased cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum, thus increasing blood flow.
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Sildenafil, vardenafil uses?
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Erectile dysfunction.
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Sildenafil, vardenafil side effects?
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Headache, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision. Risk of life-threatening hypotension in patients taking nitrates.
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Danazol mechanism of action?
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Partial androgen agonist.
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Danazol uses?
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Endometriosis and hereditary angioedema.
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Danazol side effects?
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Weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, decreased HDL levels.
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Carboprost mechanism of action?
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PGF-2 alpha agonist
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Carboprost uses?
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Abortifacent
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Dinoprostone mechanism of action?
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PGE2 agonist
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Dinoprostone uses?
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Abortifacent, cervical ripening
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