Pharm Quiz 2 Prep

Front 1

Primary location and response of alpha-1?

Back 1

Vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction

Front 2

Primary location and response of alpha-2?

Back 2

CNS synapses - inhibits sympathetic signals and interneurons.

Front 3

Primary location and response of beta-1?

Back 3

Heart - Increases HR and force of contraction

Front 4

Primary location and response of beta-2?

Back 4

Bronchioles - Bronchodilates

Front 5

alpha-1 selective agonist and treats?

Back 5

Phenylophrine - Hypotension

Front 6

alpha-2 selective agonist(s) and treats?

Back 6

1) Clonidine - Tx hypertension
2) Tizanidine - Tx spasticity

Front 7

Beta-1 selective agonist and treats?

Back 7

Dobutamine - Tx shock and heart failure

Front 8

Beta-2 selective agonist and treats?

Back 8

Albuterol - Tx asthma, bronchitis and emphysema

Front 9

Frequent sideE of alpha-1 agonists?

Back 9

1) Increased BP
2) HA
3) Reflex bradycardia

Front 10

Frequent sideE of alpha-2 agonists?

Back 10

1) Dizziness
2) Drowsiness
3) Dry mouth

Front 11

Frequent sideE of beta-1 agonists?

Back 11

1) Chest pain
2) Cardiac arrhythmias

Front 12

Primary sideE of beta-2 agonists?

Back 12

1) Nervousness
2) Restlesness
3) Trembling

Front 13

Adverse effects of mixed alpha- and beta- agonists?

Back 13

1) Increased CNS excitation -> nervousness, restlessness, anxiety
2) Excess stimulation of C.V. system

Front 14

ending in -olol indicates?

Back 14

beta antagonist (beta blocker)

Front 15

ending in -phine indicates?

Back 15

alpha antagonist

Front 16

What kind of chemicals are norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Back 16

Endogenous catecholamines

Front 17

Principal application of alpha antagonists?

Back 17

To treat hypertension (unless they preferentially bind to alpha-2)

Front 18

The limited purpose of a non-selective alpha-antagonist?

Back 18

1) balance the effects of a chatecolamine secreting tumor - prevents hypertension

Front 19

Additional important function of beta blockers?

Back 19

Limits extent of myocardial damage following a heart attack.

Front 20

Adverse effects of B-antagonists?

Back 20

1) Bronchoconstriction
2) Excess depression of cardiac fxn

Front 21

alpha antagonist

Back 21

Phentolamine

Front 22

alpha-1 select antagonist

Back 22

Prozasoin

Front 23

beta antagonist

Back 23

Propanolol

Front 24

beta-1 selective antagonist

Back 24

Metroprolol

Front 25

Adverse effects of alpha antagonists?

Back 25

1) Reflex tachycardia
2) OH

Front 26

Primary goals of pharmacotherapy for CHF?

Back 26

1) Improve the hearts ability to pump blood
2) Decrease cardiac workload

Front 27

How do you decrease the cardiac workload?

Back 27

1) Decrease pressure
2) Decrease volume

Front 28

Digitalis?

Back 28

Positive inotropic agent - increases contraction force

Front 29

Agents that decrease cardiac workload?

Back 29

1) ACE inhibitors
2) Angiotensin II receptor blocker
3) B adrenergic blocker
4) Diuretic
5) Vasodilator

Front 30

Prazosin?

Back 30

Vasodilator - alpha-1 blocker

Front 31

Explain the mechanism of a positive inotropic agent

Back 31

1) Inhibits the Na2+/K+ activity
2) This increase Na2+ in the cell
3) This decrease the Ca2+/Na2+ exchanger
4) Thus increasing the amount of Ca2+ in the cell
5) This allows increased muscle contractility

Front 32

Major con of digitalis?

Back 32

It has a narrow therapeutic window

Front 33

Adverse sideE of digitalis?

Back 33

1) toxicity
2) arrhytmia

Front 34

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor?

Back 34

Used for acute or severe heart failure. It has many sideE.

Front 35

Dopamine

Back 35

Also used for acute or severe heart failure. A B-1 agonist that does not increase HR.

Front 36

All of the "Other" P.I. agents?

Back 36

1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors
2) Dopamine
3) Dobutamine

Front 37

Briefly describe the clot formation process

Back 37

Factor Xa converts prothrombing into thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin. Fibrin creates the clot.

Front 38

Briefly describe the clot breakdown process.

Back 38

Tissue plasminogen activator converts plasminogen into plasmin. Plasmin AKA fibrinolysis breaks down the clot yielding fibrin degredation products.

Front 39

The 3 types of treatment for overactive clotting?

Back 39

1) Anticoagulants
2) Antithrombotics
3) Thrombolytics

Front 40

Primary anticoagulants?

Back 40

Heparin and oral anticoaguants

Front 41

Brief mechanism of heparin?

Back 41

potentiates the effects of antithrombin III. Increased antithrombin III reduces the tendency to clot.

Front 42

2 oral anticoagulants?

Back 42

1) Warfarin
2) Coumadin

Front 43

Mechanism of oral anticoagulants?

Back 43

Impairs the Vit K-dependent synthesis of clotting factors

Front 44

Disadvantages of oral anticoagulants?

Back 44

1) Contra in pregers
2) Not effective for several days

Front 45

General function of antithrombotics?

Back 45

inhibit platelet function

Front 46

Example of an antithrombotic?

Back 46

Aspirin

Front 47

Tissue plasminogen activator, or t-PA (alteplase)?

Back 47

Thrombolytic

Front 48

indication for t-PA?

Back 48

1) treat acute MI (12hrs)
2) treat ischemic CVA (3hrs)

Front 49

Example of Statin?

Back 49

Lipitor

Front 50

Primary effect of statins?

Back 50

Decrease cholesterol and LDL

Front 51

Primary effect of fibric acids?

Back 51

Decreases triglycerides and VLDL

Front 52

Primary effect of niacin?

Back 52

Broad spectrum benefits to cholesterol profile

Front 53

Primary effect of ezetimibe?

Back 53

Decreases cholesterol absorption from gut.

Front 54

5 treatments for HTN?

Back 54

1) Diuretic
2) Vasodilator
3) Sympatholytic
4) Renin-angiotensin system blocker
5) Ca2+ channel blocker

Front 55

Define diuretic

Back 55

Increases formation and excretion of urine

Front 56

3 types of diuretics?

Back 56

1) Thiazide
2) Loop
3) K+ sparing

Front 57

Hydrocholorothiazide (HCTZ)

Back 57

a type of thiazide - Inhibits Na2+ reabsoption

Front 58

Lasix

Back 58

Loop diuretic - inhibits Na2+ reabsorption

Front 59

Furosemide

Back 59

Loop diuretic - inhibits Na2+ reabsorption

Front 60

Spironolactone

Back 60

K+ sparing diuretic

Front 61

Aldactone

Back 61

K+ sparing diuretc

Front 62

Serious sideE of diuretics?

Back 62

1) Volume depletion
2) Electrolyte imbalance
- Loop+thiaze = hypo
- K+ sparing = hyperkalemia
3) Impaired glucose metabolism
- thiazide

Front 63

Minoxidil

Back 63

Vasodilator - maintenance

Front 64

Nitropruside

Back 64

Vasodilator - emergent use

Front 65

How do vasodilators function?

Back 65

Directly inhibit vascular smooth muscle

Front 66

Lisinopril (-pril)

Back 66

Angtiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor = Renin-angiontensin system inhibitors

Front 67

Losartan

Back 67

Angiotensin II inhibitors (blocks the receptor)

Front 68

Advantage of the Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors?

Back 68

Lower incidence of adverse effect than other anti-HTN drugs

Front 69

Ca2+ channel blocker work two ways:

Back 69

1) inhibit vascular contraction
2) inhibits cardiac contraction