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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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disulfiram
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inhibits acetaldehyde dehyd.
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acamprosate
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decreases urges to drink
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fomepizole
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inhibits alcohol dehyd.
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nitrous oxide
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general anesth. (inhaled); high MAC; low b/g coeff. rapid; analgesia, no amnesia; can cause pain in cavities; repeated exposure- leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia, fetal ab.
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halogenated hydrocarbons
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(anes); halothane, isoflurane; decrease respiration; C.O., blood flow to kidney--> malignant hyperthermia; also can cause arrhythmias
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barbiturates-
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thiopental- IV general anesth.; increase GABA; phenobarbital anti-epileptic (no petit) SE: decrease resp.; low potency high efficacy; strong p450 inducer; contraindications- decreased respiration and porphyria
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propofol
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general anesth. IV; anti-emetic
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ketamine
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general anesth.; member of phencyclidine family; hallucinations, muscle twitching, amnesic, analgesic
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etomidate
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gen. anesth.; muscle twitching
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benzodiazepine
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chrolordiaozopoxide, pam and lams; midazolam- gen anesth.; diazolam- anti-epileptic DOC for status epilepticus; increase GABA; low- induce calm, muscle relax., high- sedation, hypnosis, anesthesia; SE-drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, blurred vision can have withdrawal- convulsions
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local ester
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one i; shorter duration, metab. by plasma cholinesterase; weak base; more allergy
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local amide
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metab by p450 in liver; longer duration two i's
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cocaine
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local anesth.- vasoconstrictor; nasal sores; mood elevator; inhibits NE, DA, 5HT reuptake; increase mood, b.p. bmr, decrease need for sleep, appetite
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benzocaine
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topical; longer duration; local ester
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tetracaine
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higher potency; longer duration; spinals; local ester
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procaine
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local ester; injection; short t1/2
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procainamide
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local amide; IV for arrhythmias; not enter CNS; slow acetylators- lupus
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lidocaine
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local amide; IV for arrhythmias; most common
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articaine
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local amide; enter bone; more rapid than lidocaine and procainamide; paresthesia noticed in mand. n. block
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bupivicaine
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high pk; longer duration
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mepivocaine
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less vasodilation
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prilocaine
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can cause methemoglobinemias
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flumazenil
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benzodiazepine blocker; reverse effects
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zolpidem
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sleep inducer; increase GABA (benzo.)
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eszolpiclone
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sleep inducer; increase GABA (benzo.)
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ramelteon
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melatonin receptor agonist; induce sleep; don't take w/ alcohol
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buspirone
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act on 5HT receptors; induce sleep
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zaleplon
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induce sleep; increace GABA (benzo.)
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chloral hydrate
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other sleep inducer
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paraldehyde
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other sleep inducer
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methaqualone
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other sleep inducer
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piperidinedione
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other sleep inducer
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glutethimide
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other sleep inducer
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thalidomide
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other sleep inducer
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diphenhydramine
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anti-histamine sleep inducer
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hydroxyzine
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antihistamine sleep inducer
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phenytoin
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anti-epileptic..inhibits Na+ channel flow; gran-mal no petit; acute- dizziness, nausea, arrhythmias, decreased respiration; chronic- gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, sedation, fetal hydrantion syndrome- microcephaly, vestibular, allergy- SJ syndrome
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cabamazepine
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anti-epileptic; DOC for partial; ihibits Na+ channel flow; SE= sedation, fetal abnormalities, decrease WBC, ADH inhib., p450 inducer
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acetazolamide
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carb. anhydrase ihib. alters brain pH by increasing CO2
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succinimides
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anti-epileptic; DOC for petit mal; inhibits VG-Ca+ channels; SE= GI upset, drowsiness, blood abnorm.
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sodium valproate
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anti-epileptic; can be used for all; increase GABA synthesis, decrease GABA metab., alters Na and Ca channels; SE= liver disease- fulminant hepatitis, GI upset, ataxia, sedation, tremor
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lamtrogine
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new anti-epileptic; decreases Na flow; block glutamate; can cause SJ syndrome
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zonisamide
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new anti-epileptic; decrease Na+ channels
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pregabalin
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new anti-epileptic; block Ca channels
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gabapentin
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new anti epileptic; release GABA
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tiagabine
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new anti epileptic; inhibit GABA reuptake
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topiramate
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new anti-epileptic; release GABA, block glutamate.; sedation
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seligiline
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Parkinsons; MAO inhib., metabolized into methamphetamine, insomnia
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rasagiline
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parkinsons; MAO inhib.
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LDOPA and carbidopa
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parkinsons; precursors of DA; carbidopa inhibits dopa decarb., p450 inducer, SE= nausea, hypotension, hallucination, withdrawl- neuroleptic malignant syndrome
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entacapone
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parkinsons; COMT inhib. orange urine
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tolcapone
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parkinsons; COMT inhib., orange urine, liver damage
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bromocryptine
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parkinsons; DA agonist, nausea, hallucination, hypotension
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ropinirole
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parkinsons; DA agonist, can treat restless leg syndrome; have sudden sleep attacks- modafinil; pathologic gambling; nausea hallucinations
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pramipexole
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parkinsons; DA agonist, can treat restless leg syndrome; have sudden sleep attacks- modafinil; pathologic gambling; nausea hallucinations
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apomorphine
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parkinsons; DA agonist, injected
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benztropine
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parkinsons anti chol.; drymouth, constipation, blurry vision
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trihexyphenidyl
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parkinsons antichol drymouth, constipation, blurry vision
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amantadine
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parkinsons;antiviral, release stored DA, short; may not sleep well, psychosis, antichol effectstoo
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thioridazine
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low potent typical antipsychotic; block DA more effect on H1(sedation) than extrapyramidal; SE: parkinsonian syndrome- bradykinesia, dystonia(laryngeal), akithesia-need for constant movement, hypotension- alpha1 block, blood-granulocytosis, increase prolactin, vasoconstriction, glaucoma-ACh block, dysphoria, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic mal. syndrome
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trifluoperazine
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high potency; more extrapyramidal antipsychotic; block DA more SE: parkinsonian syndrome- bradykinesia, dystonia(laryngeal), akithesia-need for constant movement, hypotension- alpha1 block, blood-granulocytosis, increase prolactin, vasoconstriction, glaucoma-ACh block, dysphoria, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic mal. syndrome
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chlorpromazine
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antipsychotic; block DA more effect on H1(sedation) than extrapyramidal; SE: parkinsonian syndrome- bradykinesia, dystonia(laryngeal), akithesia-need for constant movement, hypotension- alpha1 block, blood-granulocytosis, increase prolactin, vasoconstriction, glaucoma-ACh block, dysphoria, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic mal. syndrome
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haloperidol
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high potency; more extrapyramidal antipsychotic; block DA more SE: parkinsonian syndrome- bradykinesia, dystonia(laryngeal), akithesia-need for constant movement, hypotension- alpha1 block, blood-granulocytosis, increase prolactin, vasoconstriction, glaucoma-ACh block, dysphoria, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic mal. syndrome
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clozapine
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atypical anti-psychotic; block 5HT, NE, H1, and DA; less extrapyramidal; SE- sedation, weight gain, hypotension, diabetes, agranulocytosis; can also treat hiccups, Tourrett's and motion sickness
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olanzapine
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atypical anti-psychotic; block 5HT, NE, H1, and DA; less extrapyramidal; SE- sedation, weight gain, hypotension, diabetes, agranulocytosis; can also treat hiccups, Tourrett's and motion sickness
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risperidone
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atypical anti-psychotic; block 5HT, NE, H1, and DA; less extrapyramidal; SE- sedation, weight gain, hypotension, diabetes, agranulocytosis; can also treat hiccups, Tourrett's and motion sickness
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imipramine
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1st gen. anti-dep.; inhibit NE reuptake; SE- antichol- constipation, blurry vision, dry mouth, hypotension (alpha 1), sedation, weight gain, arrhythmias
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amitryptiline
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1st gen. anti-dep.; inhibit NE reuptake; SE- antichol- constipation, blurry vision, dry mouth, hypotension (alpha 1), sedation, weight gain, arrhythmias
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trazodone
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2nd gen. anti-dep.; heterocyclic inhibit 5HT and NE reuptake; SE in b/w 1st and 3rd
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maprotiline
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2nd gen. anti depressant; inhibit 5HT and NE re uptake; SE in b/w 1st and 2nd
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fluoxitine
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3rd gen. anti dep.; inhibit 5HT reuptake; SE- GI upset, diarrhea, decreased libido, insomnia; high T.I.
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fluvoxamine
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3rd gen. anti dep.; inhibit 5HT reuptake; SE- GI upset, diarrhea, decreased libido, insomnia; high T.I.
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sertraline
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3rd gen. anti dep.; inhibit 5HT reuptake; SE- GI upset, diarrhea, decreased libido, insomnia; high T.I.
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paroxetine
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3rd gen. anti dep.; inhibit 5HT reuptake; SE- GI upset, diarrhea, decreased libido, insomnia; high T.I.
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citalopram
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3rd gen. anti dep.; inhibit 5HT reuptake; SE- GI upset, diarrhea, decreased libido, insomnia; high T.I.
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tranylcypromine
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anti dep; MAO inhib. decrease NE metab.; SE- hypotension, CNS excitation; can interact with tyramine (aged cheese) indirect acting amine increase NT release-selective sertonin releasing inhib.(serotonin syndrome) hypertension, muscle rigidity
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phenelzine
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anti dep; MAO inhib. decrease NE metab.; SE- hypotension, CNS excitation; can interact with tyramine (aged cheese) indirect acting amine increase NT release-selective sertonin releasing inhib.(serotonin syndrome) hypertension, muscle rigidity
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isocarboxazid
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anti dep; MAO inhib. decrease NE metab.; SE- hypotension, CNS excitation; can interact with tyramine (aged cheese) indirect acting amine increase NT release-selective sertonin releasing inhib.(serotonin syndrome) hypertension, muscle rigidity
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venlafaxine
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new anti dep.
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buproprion
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new anti dep.
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nefazodone
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new anti dep.
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mirtazapine
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new anti dep.
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duloxetine
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new anti-dep
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lithium
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bipolar treatment; decrease fluctuation of glutamate; decrease NT release, SE- short term- ADH inhib. increase thirst, urine, edema, weight gain, nystagmus, long term-kidney disease,hypothyroidism, low T.I. toxicities: nausea, delerium, coma, slurred speech
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opiates
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activate opiod receptors (u, k, delta): decrease cAMP, increase K, decrease Ca, net decrease in NT release anti-nociceptive, not CNS dep., causes miosis, increase CSF pressure, vasodilator, euphoric, nausea inducer, tussive suppressor, itching, constipation, bronchoconstriction
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opiod withdrawl and tx.
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vasoconstriction (cold), dysphoria, diarrhea, insomnia, dilated pupils
Tx: opiod antagonist-clonidine methadone |
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opiod antagonist
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clonidine, methadone
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morphine
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1st pass effect, injection
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heroine
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5x more potent that morphine
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oxycodone
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just as potent as morphine, oral
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hydromorphone
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10x potent
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codeine
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anti-tussive, weak, less addictive
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fentanyl
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sufentanil, alfentanil, 100x more potent
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meperidine
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less potent; little effect on GI, pupil, anti musc effect
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methadone
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oral
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propoxyphene
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opiod
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pentazocine
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injection, hallucination, tissue damage
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tramadol
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weak, inhibits 5Ht, NE reuptake
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naloxone
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opiod antagonist given for opiod overdose
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naltrexone
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opiod antagonist given for overdose
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caffeine
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CNS stim, increase mood, decrease fatigue, mild diuretic, increase contraction muscle, increase h.r., increase resp center, increase cAMP Toxic- nervousness, tremors insomnia, convulsions arrhythmias
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methamphetamine
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increased release of DA, NE; indirect acting amine; longer duration than cocaine; psychosis, strokes, pupils meth mouth uses: narcolepsy, ADD, MAO inhib increase effect.
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cannibinoids
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bind cannibinoid receptor, vasodilator, bronchodilator, euphoric, anti-emetic, increase appetite, anti convulsant, decrease intraocular press.
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dranobanol
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cancer patients cannibinoid
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nabilone
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cancer patients cannibinoid
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nicotine
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presynaptic nicotinic chol. receptor, central small- CNS increase, high- CNS decrease
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