Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alcohols
|
|
|
Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
|
Ethanol
|
|
Agent with zero-order kinetics
|
Ethanol
|
|
Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
|
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
|
|
System that increases in activity with chronic ethanol exposure and may contribute to tolerance
|
MEOS
|
|
Enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate
|
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
|
|
Agents that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase (4)
|
Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
|
|
Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension
|
Disulfiram
|
|
The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
|
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
|
|
Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
|
Ethanol
|
|
Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose (2)
|
Ethanol, fomepizole
|
|
Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
|
Fomepizole
|
|
Anti seizure Drugs
|
|
|
Most frequent route of metabolism of seizure drugs
|
Hepatic enzymes
|
|
Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
|
Sodium channel blockade
|
|
MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates
|
GABA-related targets
|
|
MOA for Ethosuximide
|
Calcium channels
|
|
MOA for Valproic acid at high doses
|
Affect calcium, potassium, and sodium channels
|
|
Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures
|
Valproic acid and Phenytoin
Val-partial, Pheny-tonic |
|
DOC for febrile seizures
|
Phenobarbital
|
|
Drugs of choice for absence seizures (2)
|
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
|
|
Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures
|
Valproic acid
|
|
Drugs of choice for status epilepticus (2)
|
IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
|
|
Drugs that can be used for infantile spasms
|
Corticosteroids
|
|
Anti-seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD) (4)
|
Valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin
|
|
Anti-seizure drug used also for Trigeminal neuralgia
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
Anti-seizure drug used also for pain of neuropathic orgin
|
Gabapentin
|
|
Anti-seizure agent that exhibits non-linear metabolism, highly protein bound, causes fetal hydantoin syndrome, and stimulates hepatic metabolism
|
Phenytoin
|
|
SE of phenytoin (4)
|
Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia
|
|
Anti-seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug-metabolism enzymes, is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
Anti seizure agent that inhibits hepatic metabolism, is hepatotoxic and teratogen that can cause neural tube defects and gastrointestinal distress
|
Valproic acid
|
|
Laboratory value required to be monitored for patients on valproic acid
|
Serum ammonia and LFT's
|
|
SE for Lamotrigine
|
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
|
|
SE for Felbamate
|
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
|
|
Anti-seizure medication also used in the prevention of migraines
|
Valproic acid
|
|
Carbamazepine may cause
|
Agranulocytosis
|
|
Anti-seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization (4)
|
Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid
|
|
General Anesthetics
|
|
|
MOA of general anesthetics
|
Most are thought to act at GABA-A receptor - chloride channel
|
|
Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient
|
Nitrous oxide
|
|
Inversely related to potency of anesthetics
|
Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)
|
|
Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents (2)
|
Halothane and methoxyflurane
|
|
Most inhaled anesthetics SE
|
Decrease arterial blood pressure
|
|
Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants (2)
|
Enflurane and halothane
|
|
Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation
|
Isoflurane
|
|
Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis
|
Halothane
|
|
Inhaled anesthetic, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration
|
Nitrous oxide
|
|
Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency
|
Methoxyflurane
|
|
Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia
|
Nitrous oxide
|
|
Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm
|
Desflurane
desflurane is desgusting |