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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids
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St. Anthony's Fire
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Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides
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Autocoids
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Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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Drug that causes contraction of the uterus
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Oxytocin
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Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3
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Smooth muscle; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively
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Prototype antagonist of H1 and H2 receptors
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Diphenhydramine and ranitidine, respectively
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1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
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Diphendydramine
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1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating
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Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine
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2nd generation antihistamines
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Fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine
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Generation of antihistamine that has the most CNS effects
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First generation due to being more lipid-soluble
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Major indication for H1 receptor antagonist
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Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction
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Antihistamine that can be used for anxiety and insomnia and is not addictive
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hydroxyzine (Atarax)
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H1 antagonist used in motion sickness
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Dimenhydrinate, meclizine, and other 1st generation
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Most common side effect of 1st generation antihistamines
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Sedation
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Lethal arrhythmias resulting from concurrent therapy with azole fungals (metabolized by CYP 3A4) and these antihistamines which inhibit the 3A4 iso-enzyme.
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Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market)
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H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs
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Cimetidine
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Clinical use for H2 blockers
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Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease
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Receptors for serotonin (5HT-1) are located
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Mostly in the brain, and they mediate synaptic inhibition via increased K+ conductance
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5HT-1d agonist used for migraine headaches
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Sumatriptan, naratriptan, and rizatriptan
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Triptan available in parenteral and nasal formulation
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Sumatriptan
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H1 blocker that is also a serotonin antagonist
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Cyproheptadine
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Agents for reduction of postpartum bleeding
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Oxytocin, ergonovine and ergotamine
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Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor
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Ketanserin cyproheptadine, and phenoxybenzamine
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5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced
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Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and alosetron
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5ht-3 antagonist that has been associated with QRS and QTc prolongation and should not be used in patients with heart disease
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Dolasetron
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DOC of chemo induced nausea and vomiting
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Odansetron
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Drug used in ergot alkaloids overdose, ischemia and gangrene
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Nitroprusside
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Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy
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Uterine contractions
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SE of ergot alkaloids
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Hallucinations resembling psychosis
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Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug
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LSD
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Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia
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Bromocriptine
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Peptide causing increased capillary permeability and edema
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Bradykinin and histamine
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Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema
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Bradykinin
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Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator)
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Capsaicin
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Prostaglandins that cause abortions
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Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2, and PGF2alpha
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Difference between COX 1 and COX 2
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COX 1 is found throughout
the body and COX 2 is only in inflammatory tissue |
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Drug that selectively inhibits COX 2
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Celecoxib and rofecoxib
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Inhibitor of lipoxygenase
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Zileuton
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Major SE of zileuton
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Liver toxicity
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Inhibitor of leukotrienes (LTD4) receptors and used in asthma
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Zafirlukast and montelukast
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Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
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PGE1
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Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN
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PGI2 (epoprostenol)
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Prostaglandin used in the treatment impotence
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Alprostadil
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Irreversible, nonselective COX inhibitor
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Aspirin
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Class of drugs that reversibly inhibit COX
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NSAIDS
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Primary endogenous substrate for Nitric Oxidase Synthase
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Arginine
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MOA and effect of nitric oxide
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Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
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Long acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma
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Salmeterol
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Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma
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Ipratropium
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MOA action of cromolyn
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Mast cell stabilizer
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Methylxanthine derivative used as a remedy for intermittent claudication
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Pentoxifylline
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MOA of corticosteroids
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inhibit phospholipase A2
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SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
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Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively
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