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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole
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Gynecomastia
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Topical DOC in impetigo
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Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)
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DOC for influenza A
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Amantadine
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DOC for RSV
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Ribavirin
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DOC for CMV retinitis
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Ganciclovir
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SE for ganciclovir
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Neutro, leuko and thrombocytopenia
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Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome
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Nevirapine, amprenavir
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HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
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Protease inhibitors
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Antivirals that are teratogens
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Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin
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Antivirals associated with neutropenia
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Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon
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HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth
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AZT (zidovudine)
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Drug used for African sleeping sickness
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Suramin
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Drug used in Chagas disease
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Nifurtimox
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Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB
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Cefuroxime (2nd) generation, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone
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Cephalosporins NOT able to cross the BBB
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Cefixime (3rd) generation
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Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females
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Ceftriaxone
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Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates
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Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
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SE of INH
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Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis
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Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic
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Streptomycin
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Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria
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Primaquine
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Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
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Minocycline
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Drug of choice for leprosy
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Dapsone, rifampin and clofazimine combination
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DOC for herpes and its MOA
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Acyclovir; incorporated into viral DNA and chain termination
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Anti-microbials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
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Sulfonamides
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MOA of erythromycin
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Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
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Anti-biotic frequently used for chronic UTI prophylaxis
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sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
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Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients
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Aztreonam
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SE of imipenem
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Seizures
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Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis
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Didanosine
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Common side effect of hypnotic agents
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Sedation
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Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
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Tolerance
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The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications
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Additive CNS depression
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Benzodiazepines used to promote sleep
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Temazpam, trizolam, flurazepam
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Benzodiazepine used for anxiety
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Alprazolam
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Non-benzodiazepine used as an anxiolytic
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Buspirone
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Non-benzodiazepine used for sleep
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Zolpidem
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Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses
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REM is decreased
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Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
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Anterograde amnesia
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Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
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Ability to cross the placenta
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Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines
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Hepatic
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Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)
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Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam
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MOA for benzodiazepines
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increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
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Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
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Flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
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Diazepam
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Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia
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Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder
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Alprazolam and Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
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Midazolam
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DOC for status epilepticus
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Diazepam
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Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
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Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
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Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects
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Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
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Barbiturates
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Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition
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Acute intermittent porphyria
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Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
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Liver enzyme INDUCTION
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Barbiturates MOA
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Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
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Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia
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Thiopental
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Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
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Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although do not have a benzodiazepine ring structure)
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Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
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Zolpidem, zaleplon
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Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor
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Buspirone
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Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety
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Buspirone
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Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
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Ethanol
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Agent with zero-order kinetics
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Ethanol
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Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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System that increases in activity with chronic ethanol exposure and may contribute to tolerance
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MEOS
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Enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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Agents that inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
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Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
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Agent that inhibits alcohol dyhydrogenase and its clinical use
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FOMEPIZOLE – used to prevent formation of toxic metabolites from methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion
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Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension
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Disulfiram
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The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
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Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
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Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
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Ethanol
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Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose
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Ethanol, fomepizole
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Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
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Fomepizole
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Most frequent route of metabolism
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Hepatic enzymes
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Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
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Sodium channel blockade
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MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates
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GABA-related targets
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MOA for Ethosuximide
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Calcium channels
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MOA for Valproic acid at high doses
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Affect calcium, potassium, and sodium channels
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Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures
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Valproic acid and Phenytoin
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DOC for febrile seizures
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Phenobarbital
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Drugs of choice for absence seizures
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Ethosuximide and valproic acid
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Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures
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Valproic acid
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Drugs of choice for status epilepticus
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IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment; phenytoin for prolonged therapy
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Drugs that can be used for infantile spasms
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Corticosteroids
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Anti-seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD)
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Valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin
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Anti-seizure drugs used also for Trigeminal neuralgia
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Carbamazepine
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Anti-seizure drugs used also for pain of neuropathic orgin
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Gabapentin
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Anti-seizure agent that exhibits non-linear metabolism, highly protein bound, causes fetal hydantoin syndrome, and stimulates hepatic metabolism
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Phenytoin
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SE of phenytoin
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Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia
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Anti-seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug-metabolism enzymes, is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida
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Carbamazepine
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Agent that inhibits hepatic metabolism, is hepatotoxic and teratogen that can cause neural tube defects and gastrointestinal distress
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Valproic acid
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Laboratory value required to be monitored for patients on valproic acid
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Serum ammonia and LFT's
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SE for Lamotrigine
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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SE for Felbamate
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Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
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Anti-seizure medication also used in the prevention of migraines
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Valproic acid
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Carbamazepine may cause
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Agranulocytosis
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Anti-seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization
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Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid
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MOA of general anesthetics
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Most are thought to act at GABA-A receptor - chloride channel
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Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient
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Nitrous oxide
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Inversely related to potency of anesthetics
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Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)
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Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents
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Halothane and methoxyflurane
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Most inhaled anesthetics SE
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Decrease arterial blood pressure
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