Pharm - How To Recognize Adverse Effects

Front 1

leukopenia

Back 1

fever - chills - rash - diarrhea - signs of infection (swelling, redness, area that is warm to touch) - headache - aches, pains

Front 2

neutropenia

Back 2

fever, sore throat, painful mouth ulcers, anal ulcers, reduced immune response, prone to bacterial infections

Front 3

thrombocytopenia

Back 3

bruising, bleeding, clotting failure, petechiae, bleeding into skin, oral bleeding, nosebleeds, GI bleeding, blood in urine/stool, enlarged spleen

Front 4

anemia

Back 4

weakness, fatigue, dizziness, difficulty standing, unconsciousness, low BP, rapid breathing, breathing difficulty, rapid pulse, pallor, concave nails

Front 5

Cushing's syndrome

[hypercorticism]

Back 5

extreme weight gain, rounded face, increased neck fat, hirsutism, slender limbs, red face, diabetes-like symptoms, easy bruising, mood change, weak muscles

Front 6

hyperkalemia

Back 6

-arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
-nausea, diarrhea
-muscle weakness, paralysis beginning in legs
-oliguria
-serum pH decreased

Front 7

hypernatremia

Back 7

-thirst; tongue and mucosa are dry and sticky
-weakness, lethargy, agitation
-edema
-elevated BP

Front 8

hyponatremia

Back 8

anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue, lethargy, muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, decreased BP

Front 9

hypokalemia

Back 9

cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, anorexia, nausea, constipation, fatigue, muscle twitch, weakness, leg cramps, shallow respirations, paresthesias, postural hypotension, polyuria, nocturia

Front 10

photosensitivity

Back 10

skin rash from light exposure, skin sensitivity to sunlight, hives after sunlight exposure, dermatitis, eyes sensitive to light exposure

Front 11

agranulocytosis

Back 11

fever, sore throat, painful mouth ulcers, anal ulcers, reduced immune response, prone to bacterial infections

Front 12

congestive heart failure

Back 12

breathlessness, fluid in lungs, difficulty breathing, pulmonary edema, fatigue, weakness, sleeping problems, swollen legs and feet, loss of appetite, weight gain

Front 13

tachycardia

Back 13

rapid heart beat; rapid heart beat at rest

Associated: palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, heart failure

Front 14

bradycardia

Back 14

slow heart beat, heart beat slower than normal

Front 15

GI bleeding

Back 15

-abdominal discomfort, weight loss, easy bleeding or bruising, previous colonoscopy results, anemia (weakness, easy fatigability, dizziness), shock
-vomiting of red blood or coffee-ground emesis; black, tarry stools

Front 16

hepatitis

Back 16

dark, red, orange, or foamy urine; pale feces; abdominal pain; jaundice; yellowing skin; yellowing eyes; edema; anorexia; mild flu-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting

Front 17

nephrotoxicity

Back 17

similar to renal failure; anemia, excess fluids in the body, high BP, blood or pus present in urine, decreased urinary output, mucous threads in urine

-increased protein in urine
-increased BUN/creatinine levels

Front 18

hepatotoxicity

Back 18

nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bleeding, severe upper and lower abdominal pain, heartburn, jaundice, change in color or character of stools.

Front 19

thrombophlebitis

Back 19

warmth, tenderness, and pain in the affected area; redness and swelling; fever

*when vein close to surface of skin is affected, may see red, hard and tender cord

Front 20

disulfiram-like reaction



ETOH + cephalosporins

Back 20

flushing, throbbing in head and neck, throbbing headache, breathing difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision and confusion.

Front 21

bone marrow suppression

Back 21

easy bruising - bleeding: nose, gums, mouth - petechiae - blood in urine - dark or black BM - fever and chills - rash - diarrhea - regional signs of infection - fatigue - pallor - increased HR - dizziness - shortness of breath

Front 22

CNS disturbance

Back 22

dementia, mania, anxiety, depression, irritability, difficulty sleeping, unexplained weight loss or gain; lack of pleasure, inappropriate guilt, etc.

Front 23

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome



sulphonamides

Back 23

inflammation and blistering of skin and mucous membranes, including mouth, throat, anus - also affects the eyes - fever - malaise - burning - itching - joint pain - muscle pain - painful conjunctivitis

Front 24

peripheral neuropathy

Back 24

weakness - numbness - paresthesia (burning, tingling, prickling) - pain - muscle weakness - painful cramps - fasciculations - muscle loss - bone degeneration - changes in skin - hair, nails - general degenerative changes from sensory or autonomic nerve fiber loss

Front 25

Reyes Syndrome



aspirin in peds

Back 25

nausea - vomiting - listlessness - personality changes - progressive mental changes - irritability - combativeness - lethargy - disorientation - convulsions - loss of consciousness - coma w/in 3-5 days - brain swelling - encephalopathy - liver dysfunction - breathing difficulty - flexed elbows, clenched hands, extended legs - dilated pupils - seizures

Front 26

salicylate toxicity

ACUTE overdose

Back 26

EARLY: nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hyperventilation LATE: hyperactivity, fever, confusion, seizures, acute renal failure, respiratory failure

hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) progresses to hypoventilation (mixed resp and metab acidosis) and respiratory failure; hyperactivity turns to lethargy

Front 27

salicylate toxicity

CHRONIC overdose

Back 27

subtle confusion, changes in mental status, fever, hypoxia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, dehydration, lactic acidosis, hypotension