Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What class of drugs interfere with replication and transcription?
|
Quinolones
|
|
Fluorinated quinolones are more or less potent?
|
Are more potent
|
|
What is the ending for quinolones?
|
"-oxacin"
|
|
Name one second generation quinolone:
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
Name one third generation quinolone:
|
Levofloxacin
|
|
Ciprofloxacin is a second or third generation quinolone?
|
Second generation quinolone
|
|
Levofloxacin is a second or third generation quinolone?
|
Third generation quinolone
|
|
Quinolones are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
|
Bacteriocidal
|
|
Quinolones inhibit what enzymes in the cell?
|
Topoisomerases
|
|
What enzymes change the topography of DNA?
|
Topoisomerases
|
|
What phenomenon during DNA replication, repair, and transcription is relieved by topoisomerase?
|
Supercoiling
|
|
Why are quinolones tolerated by humans?
|
1. Quinolones have greater affinity for bacterial topoisomerases
2. Bacteria are actively growing (more) |
|
Quinolones have greater/lesser affinity for bacterial topoisomerases?
|
Greater affinity - basis for selective toxicity
|
|
The concept that quinolones are more targeted towards bacterial topoisomerases rather than human ones is what?
|
Selective toxicity
|
|
Topoisomerase IV is the target of quinolones in gram +/- bacteria?
|
Gram + bacteria
|
|
Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) is the target of quinolones in gram +/- bacteria?
|
Gram - bacteria
|
|
Topoisomerase IV or II is involved in decatenation?
|
Topoisomerase IV
|
|
Quinolones against gram +/- bacteria block decatenation?
|
Gram + bacteria
|
|
Topoisomerase IV or II is involved in relaxing DNA supercoiling (introducing negative supercoils)?
|
Topoisomerase II
|
|
Quinolones against gram +/- bacteria inhibits gyrase-mediated DNA supercoiling?
|
Gram - bacteria
|
|
Name two quinolones used to treat UTIs
|
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin |
|
Name two quinolones used to treat GI tract infections caused by gram - rods?
|
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin |
|
Neisseria gonorrhea treatment with ciprofloxacin is now replaced by what antibiotic?
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
What quinolone is used to treat Bacillus anthracis?
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
What quinolone is used to treat community-acquired pneumonia?
|
Levofloxacin
|
|
What quinolone is used to treat streptococcus pneumoniae with high-level penicillin resistance?
|
Levofloxacin
|
|
Metals do what to quinolones?
|
Chelate quinolones - Don't take with antacids
|
|
What blocks adsorption of quinolones?
|
Metals - CI with metal containing antacids (Al and Mg)
|
|
Quinolones are/are not contraindicated in children, pregnant/nursing women?
|
Are contraindicated
|
|
Why are quinolones contraindicated in children and pregnant/nursing women?
|
Damages growing cartilage
|
|
Is it okay to give children with cystic fibrosis quinolones?
|
Yes, benefit may outweigh risk of cartilage damage
|
|
What is a main CNS side effect of quinolones?
|
Headache
|
|
What CV side effect can occur with quinolones?
|
QTc-interval prolongation
|
|
What can happen to muscle tendons with quinolone?
|
Tendinitis - tendon rupture possible
|
|
Can ciprofloxacin penetrate the CNS?
|
Yes it can penetrate the CNS
|
|
Norfloxacin does not have good penetration of tissues and body fluids like other quinolones, therefore it is limited to treatment of what condition?
|
UTIs
|
|
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, TMP/SMX are three drugs used to treat what condition?
|
UTI
|
|
Drugs used to treat UTI interfere with DNA replication and transcription. They also have what effect on enzymes?
|
Inhibit metabolism
|
|
What drug inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS)?
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
Is dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) present in mammals?
|
No it is not
|
|
What drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?
|
Trimethoprim (TMP)
|
|
Is DHFR present in mammals? If yes, is it the same or different?
|
Yes, but different
|
|
What drug is similar to PABA?
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
What drug is dubbed "first antimicrobial drug?"
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
Name a sulfonamide:
|
Sulfamethoxazole
|
|
Sulfonamides bind reversibly/irreversibly inhibits DHPS?
|
Reversibly
|
|
Because sulfonamides bind DHPS reversibly, is it bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
|
Bacteriostatic
|
|
What is an important adverse reaction with sulfamethoxazole?
|
Hypersensitivity/allergic reaction (Sulfa allergy)
|
|
TMP and SMX together are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
|
Bacteriocidal
|
|
Are adverse effects more or less pronounced the TMP-SMX?
|
More pronouced
|
|
What drug is used to treat recurrent UTI and acute recurrent chronic bronchitis?
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
Drug resistance to TMP or SMX is rapidly increasing?
|
TMP
|
|
Name two antifolates:
|
TMP
SMX |