Pharm Exam 1

Front 1

bacteriostatic

Back 1

drugs that inhibit or weaken micobes so that host defense machanisms can eliminate from the body

Front 2

penicilin G

Back 2

Bicillin

Front 3

Action

Back 3

Bacterialcidal and gram +

Front 4

indications

Back 4

-hits rapidly dividing cells better
-tx for ifections that are fulminating hit you fast
- prophalactic therapy

Front 5

absorption

Back 5

varies by root

Front 6

distribution

Back 6

NOt penetrate into CNS unless meneges are infalmed ( joints , eyes weakend by inflammation)

Front 7

elimination

Back 7

Increase dose increase neurotoxitcity

Front 8

adverse affects

Back 8

all PCNS have potential for cns toxicity in high doses esp. w/ preexisting kidney diseaese

Front 9

allergy

Back 9

-up to 10% expierence it
- mild to severe
- more common w/ parenteral
- cross sensitivity to celosporins
-late rash even long after treatment is over

Front 10

anapylaxis

Back 10

immediate life threatning hypersensitivity reaction

Front 11

penicillinase- resistant penicillins

Back 11

beta- lactamase are enzymes that inactivate penicillins and other antibiotics

Front 12

nafacillin (Unipen)

Back 12

dicloxacillin (Oxacillin)

Front 13

MRSA

Back 13

methicillin restistant staphlococcus aureus

Front 14

Broad spectrum penicillins
ampicillin ( Omnipen)

Back 14

-most commonly prescribed braod spectrum PCN

Front 15

Side effects

Back 15

Rashes and diarrhea are most common

Front 16

amoxicillin ( Amoxil)

Back 16

-preffered when oral preperation is indicated
-may be taken with food
- less diarrhea
- good for children

Front 17

extended - spectrum

ticarcillin (Ticar)

Back 17

-used to treat pseudomonas aureginosa

Front 18

unique side effect

Back 18

sodium overload and hypoklemia ( low pottasium)

Front 19

admin

Back 19

- parenterl use only
- acute ilness in health care center

Front 20

penicilln combined with beta-lactamase inhibitor

Back 20

amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

Front 21

Cephalosporins

Back 21

realted to penicillin

Front 22

Clinical use

Back 22

-PARENTALLY
- eliminated by kidneys

Front 23

mechanisms of action

Back 23

-Bactericidal
-less active on gram + more on Gram -

Front 24

Generations

Back 24

-1st to 4th
-gram + to gram -
-better to cross bbb and cerebrospinal fluid
-more expensive
-bleeding tendencies develope

Front 25

adverse affects

Back 25

-hypersensitivty reactions most common
-thrombophlebitis with IV
(inflamation of blood vessels)

Front 26

first gen

Back 26

cefalexin ( Keflex)
cefazolin ( Ancef)

Front 27

Second gen

Back 27

cefaclor (Ceclor)
cefotetan (Cefotan)

Front 28

Third Gen

Back 28

cefoperazone ( Cefobid)
cefixime (Suprax)

Front 29

Fourth Gen

Back 29

cefepime (Maxipime)

Front 30

imipenem (Primaxin)
Actions

Back 30

Bactericidal ; weakening of cell wall

Front 31

indications

Back 31

-mixed infections (gram +,-, aerobic and anerobic)
- used for immune compromised individuals ex HIV
- Big Gun

Front 32

Adverse effects

Back 32

-N/V
-Diarrhea
-Hypersensitivity

Front 33

Nursing con

Back 33

give IM ,IV

Front 34

vancomycin (Vancocin)
action

Back 34

bactericidal

Front 35

indications

Back 35

-choice against MRSA

Front 36

Adverse effects

Back 36

-significatnt ototoxicity
- thrombophlebitis
- renal and CNS toxicity

Front 37

Nursing Con

Back 37

-VRE vancomycin resistant entercocci
-admin route- parentally - no faster than 10mg/min
-if givin to fast = red man syndrome (histamine release)

Front 38

Tetracyclines

Back 38

bacteriostatic

Front 39

pharmokinetics

Back 39

-Absoprtion from GI inhibited by dairy products and antacids
- binds to calcium in newly formed bones and teeth

Front 40

indications

Back 40

-mixed infactions
-long term treatment for acne vulgaris
-lymes disease

Front 41

Adverse effects

Back 41

-N/V
-superimposed infactions with long term use
- slowed bone growth under 8 years of age
- staining and damage to teeth
-thrombophlebitis
-photosensitivity

Front 42

specific preperations

Back 42

tetracycline (Achromycin) most widley used
doxycycline (Vibramycin)

Front 43

Macrolides

Back 43

erythromycin(E.E.S.;E-mycin)
clarithromycin(Biaxin)
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Small= static Big = cidal
for penicillin hypersensitivity

Front 44

other bacteristaic inhibitors of protein synthisis

Back 44

clindamycin ( Cleocin)
c.diff
linezolid (Zyvox)
used against VRE

Front 45

Aminoglycosides

Back 45

cidal

Front 46

indications

Back 46

Gram -
big gun

Front 47

adverse effects

Back 47

-ototoxicity (rining and dizziness) and or nephrotoxicity related to drug concentrations
cross sensitivity between preperations

Front 48

nursing considerations

Back 48

Dosing: individual dependant; single daily dose vs. dividing daily dosing
may use blood serum levels to calculate amount needed to replace amount eliminted during dosing interval

Front 49

through value

Back 49

immidialty before a dose

Front 50

peak value

Back 50

determined immidaitley after infusion is completed

Front 51

drug interations

Back 51

other drugs with ear / kidney affects
Need 2 IV lines ; 2-4 hour intervals w/o drugs

Front 52

spec. prep

Back 52

gentimycin (Garamycin)
tobramycin (Nebcin)
amikacin (Amikin)
neomycin sulfate ( Myciquent; Neo-tabs)

Front 53

Sulfonamides
action

Back 53

primarliy staic
acts as anti-metabloties

Front 54

Pharmacokinetics

Back 54

-All absorbed from GI tract
-Widley disributed including CNS, placenta, fetus
-Excteded by kidneys

Front 55

indications

Back 55

-acute UTI caused by E.coli
- ophthalmic infections (ong/ eye drops)
- burns (prevents colonization)
- Pneumocystis carinil pneumonia (resident microbe resp tract)

Front 56

Adverse effects

Back 56

-hypersensitivity (dose dependant)
-rash
- drug fever
- photosensitivity
Hematologic
hemolytic enemia possible with long term use
(need blood count studies)
Renal/
Cystalluria
crystal form in urine
need 2-3 L of water a day

and gastrointestinal

Front 57

nursing cons

Back 57

2-3 L/ 2000-3000 ml
drug interactions
- some cross sensitization between antiinfective sulfonmides and some diuretics and oral hypoglycemics

Front 58

spec. preps
sulfisaxazole (Gantrinsin)

Back 58

short acting

Front 59

Sulfamethoxazole(Gantanol)

Back 59

immediate acting

Front 60

trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole( Bactrim; Septra)

Back 60

combination product
develope resistance by parenteral
uses include chronic UTI and pneumocystis cainii

Front 61

tpoical preps.
mafenide ( sulfamylon)

Back 61

Burns/necrotic tissue to prevent /treat pseudomonas infection

Front 62

suladiazine (Silvadene)

Back 62

burns

Front 63

Sulfacetamide (Sulamyd)

Back 63

eye infections

Front 64

Drug Therapy of UTIs

Back 64

these drugs have little or no systemic antibacterail effects; use limit to UTIs : urinary tract antiseptics

Front 65

nitrofurantion ( Macrodantin)

Back 65

blood concentrations low
;but bactericidal levels in urine
nausea and vomiting
hypersensitivity in 5%

Front 66

naladic acid ( NegGram)

Back 66

-gram- utis
-resistance dev. rapidly and frequently
- potentiates the anticoagulant effect of Coumadin

Front 67

phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Back 67

-urinary tract analgesic with very weak uti antiseptic action
-for cystitis accompanied by burning , frequncy, urgency
-discolors urine orange red

Front 68

Antimycobacterial drugs

Back 68

Treats TB
long term therapy (1-3 years)
resitance is high due to tx time
it always contain 2 or more effective drugs
there has been increas in tb due to aids
incedence of hepititus occuring increases with age

Front 69

isoniazid (INH; Nydrazid)

Back 69

most potent
if one drug is sufficient with prophalaxis , INH is used
can couse PNS and CNS disturbancses; Vit B6 can be given concurrently to prevent it

Front 70

rifampin( Rifadin)

Back 70

-Rifampin and INH together is most frequnelty use
-must be used in combination bc of resistance
-hepetitis is adverse effect concern
-redish- orange urine,sputum, sweat,ans tears

Front 71

pyrazinamide (PMS;Pyrazinamide)

Back 71

the combination of this and rifampin and isonaizid is considered plan of choice for nonresistant bacteria

Front 72

ethambutol (Myambutol)

Back 72

when given in combo acts to delay resistance to other drugs

Front 73

streptomycin sulfate (Streptomycin)

Back 73

first drug against active TB
not oral , IM
large doses/ long time = ototoxicity

Front 74

misc. antimicrobial drugs

ciprpfloxacin(Cipro)

Back 74

prototye for flouroquinolonesto -treat anthrax

Front 75

action

Back 75

cidal
alters DNA bacteria
gram- and selective gram+

Front 76

indication

Back 76

broad spectrum often used on utis; also for lower respitory tract infections, bone and joint infections, infectious diarhea, skin infections

Front 77

admin

Back 77

exelent oral
good alternative to parental
but greatly reduced with antacids

Front 78

elimination

Back 78

primarly by kidneys

Front 79

caution

Back 79

ruture achilles tendon

Front 80

metronidazole ( Flagyl)

Back 80

cidal
protazoal infaections
anerobic bacteria
and prophylaxis in surguries with risk of infections of anearobes (abdominal, vaginal )

Front 81

side effects

Back 81

nausea, headache, drymouth, unpleasant metallic taste

when taking with alcohol will make sick

Front 82

Antifungal Drugs

Back 82

;)

Front 83

amphotericin B( Fungizone)

Back 83

- most effective for severe systemic fungal diseaes
- usaully IV
-chills, fever , vommiting headache usual
-may produce hepatic and dysfunction

Front 84

nystatin (Mycostatin)

Back 84

used toppically
primarly for yeast (monilal) infection

Front 85

ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Back 85

for both oral and topical therapy

Front 86

griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

Back 86

admin orally
treatment of hair,skin, and nail infections

Front 87

Aniviral Drugs

Back 87

;0)

Front 88

amantadine (Symmetrel)

Back 88

orally
phrophalaxis
treatment of influenza A

Front 89

acyclovir ( Zovirax)

Back 89

topically, orally, IV ,
for herpes simplex coldsore , and chicken pox infections

Front 90

zidovudine ( Retrovir, AZT)

Back 90

treatment for AIDS
severe anemia
concurrent admin of acetaminophen can increase toxicity
rapid hepatic metabolism of drug requires dosing q4h
expensive

Front 91

saquinavir(Invirase)

Back 91

1st protease inhibitor to recieve FDA approval and prototype for this group

Front 92

comination therapy

Back 92

static and cidal
might not get disred affects
first sight of infection before lab test known
may increase or decrease toxicity

Front 93

Cholinergic receptor subtypes

Back 93

NicotinicN
NicotinicM
Muscarinic

Front 94

muscarinic antagonists
atropine

Back 94

blocks muscarinic receptor stimulation
increased hr
decreased glandular secretions
relaxation of bronchi
decreaesed tone of bladder and GI tract
pupil dialation

Front 95

indications

Back 95

prep for anesthesia
eye disorders
bradycardia
intestinal hypermotility

Front 96

side effects

Back 96

dry mouth
blurred vision
glocoma
urinary retention
constipation
tachycardia

Front 97

nursing considerartions

Back 97

oral hygiene
fluids if allowed
no driving- sunglasses
empty bladder before
high fiber

Front 98

neostigmine (Prostigmin)
action

Back 98

enhances cholenergic by inhibiting ChE from catalyzing the breakdown of acetylcholine

Front 99

indications

Back 99

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 100

side effects

Back 100

choliergic overstimulation
extreme salvation, vomiting, urinary urgency, increased tone and motility of Gas. smooth muscle

Front 101

nursing cond

Back 101

muscle strength
ability to swallow

Front 102

myasthenic crisis

Back 102

severe muscle weakness