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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the drug that inhibits Acetyl CoA to ACh?
|
Vesimicol
|
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What drug inhibits the uptake of choline?
|
Hemicholinium
|
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What drug inhibits the release of ACh?
|
Botulinum Toxin
|
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What drug inhibits the conversion of DA to NE?
|
Reserpine
|
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What drug inhibits the release of NE?
|
Guanethidine
|
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What drug stimulates the release of NE?
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Amphetamine
|
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What drug inhibits the re-uptake of NE?
|
Cocaine
TCA's |
|
What receptor stimulates NE release?
|
Angiotensin II
|
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What receptor inhibits NE release?
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M1 & a2
|
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What are the direct-acting cholinomimetics?
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Methanacol
Bethanacol Carbichol Pilocarpine |
|
What are the indirect-acting cholinomimetics?
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Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine Physostigmine Edrophonium Echothiophate Rivastigmine Galantamine Tacrine Donepezil |
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What are the indirect cholinomimetics used in the tx of Glaucoma?
|
Physostigmine
Echothiophate |
|
What indirect cholinomimetic crosses the BBB?
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Physostigmine
|
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What indirect cholinomimetic is used to reverse NMJ blockade?
|
Neostigmine
|
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What drug caused the NMJ blockade?
|
SuccinylCholine
|
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What drug reverses Phase I of SuccinlyCholine?
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None; Phase I is IRREVERSIBLE
|
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Why can't Phase I of depolaring muscular blockade be reversed?
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It CAN'T be reversed b/c post synaptic membranes are "stuck in" depolarization
|
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What drug reverses Phase II of SuccinlyCholine?
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Neostigmine
|
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For what is N-Acetylcysteine used to reverse?
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Acetaminophen toxicity
|
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How does AChE-I poisoning present?
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*ADDUMBBELSS
Abdominal cramping Diaphoresis Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchospasm Excitation of skeletal muscle Lacrimation Secretion Salvation |
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What is the tx for AChE-I poisoning?
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Atropine followed by...
Pralidoxime (2-PAM) |
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What is the MOA of Atropine?
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AChE-Inhibitor
|
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What are the affects of Atropine?
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Blocks SLUD (anti-PS):
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defication |
|
What is toxicity of Atropine?
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*Dry as a Bone: Dry eyes/skin (dec'd lacrimation/dec'd sweat)
Hot as a Hare: Warm skin (dec'd sweat --> reflex vasodilation) Red as a Beet: Flushing (reflex vasodilation secondary to dec'd sweat) Blind as a Bat: Mydriasis/Cycloplegia (dec'd PS's) Mad as a Hatter: Confusion/Disorientation (CNS effects on M4/M5 rec's) NOTE: Decr'd sweating (SS response under PS control) --> incr'd body temp --> compensatory cutaneous vasodilatory response --> REFLEX VASODILATION |
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What is the MOA of Fenoldopam
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D1 Agonist
|
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What is the tx for Type II Heart Block?
|
Atropine followed by…
Pacemaker |
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What is the MOA of Epinephrine?
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B1 > B2 > a1 > a2
|
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What is the MOA of Isoproterenol?
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B1 = B2
|
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What is the MOA of NE?
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a1/a2 > B1
|
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What is the MOA of Dobutamine?
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*Dobutamine has a "B"
B1 > B2 |
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What is the MOA of DA?
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*DA has a "D"
D1 = D2 > B > a |
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What is the MOA of PE?
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a1 > a2
|
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What is the MOA of Terbutaline?
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B2 > B1
|
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What is the MOA of Cocaine?
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Inhibits reuptake of NE
|
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What is the MOA of TCA's?
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Block the reuptake of NE & 5-HT
|
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What is a heterocyclic that inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT?
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Trazadone
|
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What is a heterocyclic that inhibits the reuptake of NE?
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Maprotiline
|
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What is the MOA of Mirtazapine?
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a2-antagonist
5-HT-2 & 5-HT-3 antagonist |
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What drug blocks 5-HT-3 receptors only?
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Ondansetron
|
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What drug blocks 5-HT-1D receptors?
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Nothing, h/w Sumitriptan is a 5-HT-1D AGONIST
|
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What is the MOA of Venlafaxine?
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Block the reuptake of NE, 5-HT, & DA
|
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What are 2 anti-depressants used to tx a pt w/sleep disturbances?
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Trazodone
Mirtazapine |
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What is the DOC for a pt w/depression & sexual dysfunction?
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Bupropion
|
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What is the tx for generalized anxiety in a pt with a hx of Etoh addiction?
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Buspirone
|
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What is the tx for generalized anxiety in a pt with no hx of Etoh addiction?
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Benzodiazapines
|
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What is the MOA of Tranylcypromine?
|
Non-selective MAO-I
|
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What are the MAO-I's?
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*PITS
P = Phenelzine I = Isocarboxazid T = Tranylcypromine S = Selegiline |
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What is the difference in selectivity between the MAO-I's?
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*Non-selective = MAO-IA (A for Anywhere)
Phenelzine Isocarboxazid Tranylcypromine *Selective = MAO-IB (B for Brain) Selegiline |
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What is the c/u for the Non-selective MAO-I's?
|
Atypical Depression
Anxiety Hypochondriasis (Non-selective MAO-I's = Tranylcypromine & Phenelzine) |
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What is the c/u for the selective MAO-I?
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Selective MAO-I = Selegiline
c/u = Anti-Parkinsonian |
|
What is the DOC for OCD?
|
Paroxetine
|
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What is the 2nd line tx for OCD?
|
Chlormipramine
|
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What is the MOA of Chlormipramine?
|
Block the reuptake of NE & 5-HT (TCA's)
|
|
What are the TCA's?
|
*CANDID (PASS Program uses DD CAIN)
Clomipramine Amitriptyline Nortriptyline Desipramine Imipramine Doxepin |
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Which TCA is LEAST sedating?
|
Desipramine
|
|
Which TCA has the MOST anti-cholinergic SE's?
|
Amitriptyline
|
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Which TCA has the LEAST anti-cholinergic SE's?
|
Nortriptyline
|
|
What is the tx for enuresis (bedwetting)?
|
DOC = Desmopressin (similar to ADH --> H2O Retention)
TCA = Imipramine |
|
What is the DOC for diabetic neuropathy?
|
Any TCA
|
|
What is 2nd line tx for diabetic neuropathy?
|
Gabapentin
|
|
What is the MOA of Gabapentin?
|
GABA Agonist
|
|
What are the GABA-Agonists?
|
*GBP TV
Gabapentin Benzodiazepines Phenobarbital Topiramate Valproic Acid |
|
What NT's &/or ions does Topiramate and Valproic Acid affect? What direction?
|
Inrease GABA
Decrease Na+ |
|
What drugs decrease Na+ & is used for the tx of epilepsy?
|
*Long-Term CPA
Lamotrigine Topiramate Carbamazepine Phenytoin Valproic Acid (A = Acid) |
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What is the DOC for a pt with upper limb spasticity and lower limb flaccidity?
|
Riluzole
|
|
What is the MOA of Riluzole?
|
Glutamate Inhibitor
|
|
What are the drugs that cause Agranulocytosis?
|
Clozapine
Colchicine Carbamazepine PTU Dapsone Ticlopidine Methimazole |
|
What is the tx for Restless Leg Syndrome?
|
DA Agonist
|
|
What are the DA Agonists?
|
*CPR LAB
Cabergoline Promipexole Ropinerole Levadopa/Carbidopa Amantidine Bromocriptine |
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What are the D2 Antagonists?
|
D2 Antagonists = Neuroleptics:
Fluphenazine Thioridazine Haloperidol Chlorpromazine Promazine |
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What are the SE(s) of D2 Antagonists?
|
EPS Sx's
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome |
|
What are 3 features of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
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Autonomic Instability
Hyperthermia Muscle Rigidity |
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What are 3 features of Serotonin Syndrome?
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CV Collapse
Hyperparexia Muscle Rigidity |
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What is the Tx for Neuroleptic Syndrome?
|
Dantrolene AND Dopamine Agonist
|
|
What are 4 features of EPS and the timeline involved for each feature?
|
4 Hrs: Dystonia (sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive
movements or abnormal postures) 4 Days: Akinesia (inability to initiate movement due to difficulty selecting &/or activating the movement pathway) 4 Wks: Akathisia (unpleasant sensations of "inner" restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless) 4 Mos: Tardive Dyskinesia (disorder resulting in involuntary, repetitive body movements having a slow or belated onset) |
|
What is the tx for Dystonia?
|
Diphenhydramine
Benztropine Trihexyphenidyl |
|
What is the toxicity of Fluphenazine?
|
Hyperthermia due to disruption of the thermoregulatory center
|
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What is the toxicity of Thioridazine?
|
Pigmented Retinopathy
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Clozapine?
|
Agranulocytosis
|
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What is/are the SE(s) of Olanzapine?
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Weight gain
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Quetiapine?
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Cataracts
|
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What are the drugs that block 5-HT-2 & D2 receptors?
|
*Its "ATIPical" for OLd CLOZets to "Risper" QUiETly
(they usually squeak loudly!) ATIPamezole OLanzapine CLOZapine RISPERidone QUETiapine Ziprasidone |
|
What is the initial tx for Mania?
|
Haliperodol
|
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What is the long-term tx of Mania?
|
Lithium
|
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What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of middle-aged white woman?
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MS or psychotic disorders
|
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What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of black skin?
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HIV
|
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What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of black female?
|
Sarcoidosis
|
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What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of Hispanic?
|
TB+
|
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What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of old white man?
|
CLL or aortic stenosis
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Topiramate?
|
Mental dulling
Renal stones Wt loss |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Gabapentin?
|
Movement disorders
Nystagmus Wt loss |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Lamotrigine?
|
SJS
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Ethosuxamide?
|
SJS
SLE Urticaria = mild form of SJS |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Benzodiazepine?
|
Sedation
Tolerance Dependence |
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What is/are the SE(s) of Phenobarbital?
|
Sedation
Tolerance Dependence Induces P-450 |
|
What are the SE's of Phenytoin (one of the top 10 drugs tested on USMLE)?
|
*Indian men want a wife who is "LIGHT-skinned AND MMPSS"
Lymphadenopathy Induces P450 Gingival Hyperplasia Hirsutism Teratogenic (Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome) Ataxia Nystagmus Diplopia Megaloblastic anemia Malignant Hyperthermia Peripheral Neuropathy SLE Sedation |
|
What are the non-selective a-blockers?
|
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine |
|
What is the c/u of the non-selective a-blockers?
|
Pheochromacytoma
|
|
What are the a1-blockers?
|
Prazosin
Terazosin Doxazosin Tamsulosin (a1-A blocker) |
|
What is the c/u of a1-blockers?
|
HTN
Smooth muscle-predominant BPH |
|
What is the tx for epithelial-predominant BPH?
|
Finasteride
|
|
What is the MOA of Finasteride?
|
5a-Reductase inhibitor
|
|
What are the a2-blockers?
|
Mirtazipine
Yohimbine |
|
What drugs decrease the secretion of aqueous humor?
|
*ABC-T
Acetazolamide Butaxolol Carteolol Timolol |
|
If Nitrous Oxide has decr'd lipid solublity & therefore it does not easily go into tissues, is the induction time fast or slow?
|
Cannot be determined; LIPID solubility indicates Potency & MAC
|
|
If Halothane has incr'd lipid solublity & therefore it easily enters tissues, is the potency high or low?
|
High
|
|
What is the toxicity of SuccinylCholine?
|
Fatal HyperKalemia
|
|
What is the tx for osteoarthritis?
|
Bisphosphonates followed by…
Raloxifene |
|
What is the tx for Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis?
|
Corticosteroids followed by…
Azathioprine Methotrexate IV Immunoglobulin |
|
What is the tx for Polymyalgia Rheumatica?
|
Corticosteroids:
Low-dose corticosteroids if a/w giant-cell arthritis High-dose corticosteroids if NOT a/w giant-cell arthritis |
|
What are the IL-1 receptor antagonists?
|
Anakinra
|
|
What is the c/u for IL-1 receptor antagonists?
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
|
What is the containdication for IL-1 receptor antagonists?
|
Cannot use with a TNF-a inhibitor, therefore you cannot use it with Infliximab
|
|
What is an atypical opiod used to control pain?
|
Tramadole
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Metolazone?
|
*Hyper-GLUC:
HyperGlycemia HyperLipidemia HyperUricemia HyperCalcemia |
|
What is the toxicity of Bumetanide?
|
Bumetanide = Loop Diuretic
*POH-DANG ("POH" for Hy-POH-kalemia): Pancreatitis (drug-induced) Ototoxicity HyPOHkalemia Dehydration Allergies (Sulfa) Nephritis (interstitial) Gout |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Quinidine?
|
Severe rebound HTN
|
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Methyldopa?
|
Positive Coomb's Test
|
|
What is the toxicity of Hexamethonium?
|
Sympatholytic
Severe orthostatic Hypotension Sexual Dysfunction Parasympatholytic Constipation Blurred Vision |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Reserpine?
|
Depression
Diarrhea |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Guanethidine?
|
Sexual Dysfunction
Diarrhea |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Prazosin?
|
1st-dose Orthostatic Hypotension
Priapism |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of B-Blockers?
|
Impotence
Exacerbates asthma Masks hypoglycemia in DM Cardiovascular efffects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF) CNS effects (sedation, sleep alteration) |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Hydralazine?
|
*SARS
Salt retention Angina Reflex tachycardia SLE-like sx's |
|
What is/are the SE(s) of Minoxidil (OTC Rogaine)?
|
*SHARP
Salt retention Hypertrichosis (too much hair) Angina Reflex tachycardia Pericardial effusion |
|
What are the MOPP drugs?
|
*MOPP
M = Mechlorethamine* O = Oncovin (aka Vincristine) P = Prednisone P = Procarbazine *aka Mustargen, Mustine, Nitrogen Mustard, or MSD |
|
What are the ABVD drugs?
|
*ABVD
A = Adriamycin* B = Bleomycin V = Vinblastine D = Dacarbazine *aka Doxorubicin, Hydroxydoxorubicin, or Hydroxydaunorubicin |
|
What are the CHOP drugs?
|
*CHOP
C = Cyclophosphamide H = Hydroxydaunorubicin (aka Adriamycin/Doxorubicin) O = Oncovin (aka Vincristine) P = Procarbazine |
|
What are the Antimetabolites?
|
Antimetabolite = Nucleotide Analogues
Methotrexate 5-FU 6-MP Cytarabine (ARA-C) |
|
What are the Alkylating Agents?
|
Alkylating Agent = binds/breaks dsDNA
Bleomycin Busulfan Cyclophosphamide Nitrosoureas Cisplatin/Carboplatin Procarbazine |
|
What are the Plant Alkaloids used in chemotherapy?
|
Plant Alkaloid = Microtubule Inhibitor
Vincristine/Vinblastine Paclitaxel Etoposide |
|
What are the non-chemotherapy Plant Alkaloids?
|
Plant Alkaloid = Microtubule Inhibitor
Colchicine (used to tx Gout) Griseofulvin (anti-fungal) |
|
What are the Leukemia drugs?
|
Methotrexate
6-MP Imantinib |
|
What are the Lymphoma drugs?
|
Methotrexate
6-MP Doxorubicin Bleomycin Vincristine Vinblastine |
|
What are the Choriocarcinoma drugs?
|
Methotrexate
Vincristine Vinblastine |
|
What are the Sarcoma drugs?
|
Methotrexate
Doxorubicin |
|
What are the Colon Cancer drugs?
|
5-FU
Imantinab (stromal) |
|
What are the Solid Tumor drugs?
|
5-FU
Doxorubicin |
|
What are the Basal Cell drugs?
|
5-FU
|
|
What are the CML drugs?
|
Busulfan
Imantinib |
|
What are the AML drugs?
|
Cytarabine (aka ARA-C)
|
|
What are the NHL drugs?
|
*CHOP:
C = Cyclophosphamide H = Hydroxydaunorubicin (aka Adriamycin/Doxorubicin) O = Oncovin (aka Vincristine) P = Procarbazine |
|
What are the Breast Cancer drugs?
|
Cyclophosphamide
Tamoxifen/Raloxifen Cisplatin/Carboplatin Trastuzumab Paclitaxel Doxorubicin (solid) |
|
What are the Ovarian Cancer drugs?
|
Cyclophosphamide
Paclitaxel Doxorubicin (solid) |
|
What are the Brain Tumor drugs?
|
Nitrosureas
|
|
What are the Bladder Cancer drugs?
|
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
|
|
What are the Testicular Cancer drugs?
|
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Bleomycin Etoposide |
|
What are the Lung Cancer drugs?
|
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Etoposide Doxorubicin |
|
What are the Wilms Tumor drugs?
|
Dactinomycin
Vincristine/Vinblastine |
|
What are the Ewing's Sarcoma drugs?
|
Dactinomycin
|
|
What are the Rabdomyosarcoma drugs?
|
Dactinomycin
|
|
What are the Prostate Cancer drugs?
|
Etoposide
|
|
What are the GI Stromal Tumor drugs?
|
Imatinib
|
|
What are the Hairy Cell Leumkemia drugs?
|
Cladribine
|
|
What is the DOC for Cancer-associated anorexia?
|
Megestrol acetate
|
|
What is the tx for bony metastasis?
|
Iduronidase di-sodium
|
|
What does the complex of 5-FU-DMP inhibit?
|
Thymidylate Synthase
|
|
By what is 6-MP activated?
|
HGPTRase
|
|
What is the SE(s) of Busulfan?
|
Pulmonary Fibrosis
|
|
What drugs cause Pulmonary Fibrosis?
|
*BBAT+
Bleomycin Busulfan Amiodarone Tocainide +Methotrexate & Cormustine |
|
What type of anti-metabolite is ARA-C?
|
Pyrimadine
|
|
What is the tx for ifosfamide toxicity?
|
MESNA (for ifosfamide/cyclophosphamide toxicity)
|
|
What is the MOA of MESNA?
|
Traps acrolein
|
|
What is the MOA of Cisplatin/Carboplatin?
|
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemo drug that crosslinks DNA (source = Wikipedia):
1) Hydrolysis of chloride ligands from the platinum complex 2) H2O is easily displaced, allowing the platinum to coordinate to a basic site in DNA 3) Crosslinking of 2 Guanine bases occurs via displacement of the other chloride ligand 4) Crosslinking ultimately triggers apoptosis |
|
What is the treatment of Adriamycin toxicity?
|
(Adriamycin = Doxorubicin)
Tx = Dexrazoxane |
|
What is the DOC for mild/moderate hypercalcemia seen in malignancy (e.g. Multiple Myeloma)?
|
Zoledronic Acid
|
|
What phase of the cell cycle does Etoposide work?
|
G2 & late S phases
|
|
What is the SE(s) of Prednisone?
|
Cushings-like syndrome
|
|
What is the MOA of Tamoxifen?
|
Partial estrogen receptor agonist (endometrium) AND antagonist (breast)
|
|
What is the MOA of Trastusumab?
|
Monoclonal antibody to HER-2 receptors
|
|
What phase of the cell cycle will not occur with Vincristine/Vinblastine?
|
Anaphase
|
|
What phase of the cell cycle will not be complete with Vincristine/Vinblastine?
|
Metaphase
|
|
What is the MOA of Paclitaxel?
|
Hyperstablizes the microtubles so that they cannot be breaken down
|
|
What phase of the cell cycle will not occur with Paclitaxel?
|
Anaphase
|
|
What is the MOA of Cyclosporine?
|
Inhibits Calcineurin, therefore IL-2 (which comes from Th-1 cells) is not made
|
|
What is the MOA of Tacrolimus?
|
Tacrolimus binds FK binding protein, forming a complex which interacts with and inhibits Calcineurin, therefore IL-2 (which comes from Th-1 cells) is not made
|
|
What is the MOA of Azathioprine?
|
DNA synthesis inhibitor: Anti-metabolite derivative of 6-MP
Wikipedia: Azathioprine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, as it is converted to a purine analogue inhibiting the proliferation of cells, especially leukocytes. It is an effective drug used alone in certain autoimmune diseases, or in combination with other immunosuppressants in organ transplantation. |
|
What is the "specific" c/u for Azathioprine?
|
Renal transplants
|
|
What is the SE(s) of Azathioprine?
|
Drug-Induced Pancreatitis
|
|
What is the c/u for Aldesleukin?
|
(Aldesleukin = IL-2)
Renal cell carcinoma and metestatic melenoma |
|
What is the c/u for Epoetin?
|
Anemias
|
|
What is the MOA of Sargramostim?
|
GM-CSF (Granulocyte/Macrophage - Colony Stimulating Factor)
|
|
What is the c/u of INF-a?
|
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C Kaposi's Leukemia Malignant Melanoma Carcinoid |
|
What is the c/u of INF-B?
|
MS
|
|
What drugs are used to tx MS?
|
INF-beta
Glatiramer Acetate |
|
What is the c/u of INF-gamma?
|
CGD (NADPH oxidase deficiency)
|
|
What is the c/u of Oprelvekin?
|
(Oprelvekin = IL-11)
Thrombocytopenia |