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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
____ is a general term that refers to a group of sx involving motor movement |
Parkinsonism |
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slow movement |
bradkinesia |
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sx of PD include ____ speech, the face taking on a mask-like and emotionless appearance, and _____ and swallowing difficulties |
slurred chewing |
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The pt assumes a rigid, ___-____ posture and the gait becomes unsteady and shuffled |
bent - forward |
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All these Parkinson-like sx may be seen with the use of certain drugs, head injuries and ______. |
encephalitis |
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Drugs used to tx PD are called _____ drugs |
antiparkinson |
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These drugs either suppliment the _____ in the brain or block excess ____ so that better transmission of nerve impulses occurs |
dopamine ACh |
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______ are drugs that affect the dopamine content of the brain |
dopaminergics |
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Examples of these drugs are: |
levodopa carbidopa or a combo of both |
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The parkinson-like sx are caused by a ___ of dopamine in the CNS |
depletion |
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_____ dopamine is difficult due to the blood brain barrier |
supplimenting |
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_____ is a chemical formulation found implants and animals and is converted into dopamine by the body |
Levodopa |
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levodopa used alone can cause -____ adverse reactions because too much stays in the PNS |
severe |
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combining levodopa and _____ allows levodopa to reach the brain, which has a better therapeutic effect |
carbidopa |
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carbidopa has __ effect when given alone |
no |
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drugs that work to stimulate the dopamine receptors are called _____ |
agonists |
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The uses for dopaminergic drugs are: |
PD PD like sx RLS (restless leg syndrome) viral infections (amantadine) |
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Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing, anorecia, NV, abd.pain, constipation, increased hand tremor, HA and dizz are all ___ ____ |
adverse reactions |
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Severe adverse reactions to dopaminergic drugs include: |
Choreiform movements ( muscle twitching of limbs and face) dystonic movements (muscle spasms affecting tongue, jaw, eyes, and neck) |
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Levadopa is contraindicated in pt with __ ___ glaucoma and receiving MAOI _______ |
narrow angled glaucoma antidepressants |
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Do not dopaminergic drugs with : |
antidepressants antacids anticonvulsants |
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Foods high in _____ (vitamin B 6) or vitamine B6 preparations reduce the effect of levodopa |
pyridoxine |
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It is thought that ___ ___ receptors act directly on postsynaptic dopamine receptors of nerve cells in the brain, mimicking the effects of dopamine in the brain |
nonergot dopamine |
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dopamine receptor agonsits are used fot the tx of s/sx of ____ |
PD |
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It is also used for the tx of ____ |
RLS |
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The drug apomorphone (Apokyn) is used for the _-__ phenomena of PD |
on-off |
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Common Adverse reactions include |
NV dizz somnolence, hallucinations, confusion, visual disturbances, postural hypotension, involuntary movements, HA |
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There is an ____ risk of CNS depression when dopamine receptor agonists are administered with other CNS depressants |
increase |
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another classification of antiparkinson drugs is the ____-___-_______ inhibitors |
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) |
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These drugs are though to prolong the effect of levodopa by ___ the enzyme (COMT) which eliminates Dopamine |
blocking |
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USed as ___ to levodopa/carbidopa in tx PD |
adjunct |