Pharm Ch. 28 & 33

Front 1

Cancer

Back 1

Abnormal, uncontrolled cell division

Front 2

Metastasis

Back 2

When abnormal cells travel to distant sites and populate new tumors

Front 3

Benign

Back 3

Tumors grow slowly, do not metastasize, rarely require drug treatment, may cause pressure and be surgically removed

Front 4

Adenomas

Back 4

Benign tumors of glandular tissue

Front 5

Lipomas

Back 5

Tumors of adipose tissue

Front 6

Malignant (cancer)

Back 6

Disease that grows rapidly worse, becomes resistant to treatment, and normally results in death; two major divisions-carcinomas and sarcomas

Front 7

Leukemia

Back 7

Cancer of blood-forming cells in bone marrow

Front 8

Lymphomas

Back 8

Cancers of lymphatic tissue

Front 9

Gliomas

Back 9

Cancers of the central nervous system

Front 10

Personal risk of cancer may be lowered by a number of lifestyle fsctors

Back 10

Eliminate tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke, maintain a healthy diet low in fat and high and fresh vegetables and fruit, choose most of the food from plant sources, increase fiber in the diet, exercise regularly and keep body weight within optimum guidelines, self examine your body monthly for abnormal lumps or skin lesions, avoid chronic or prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or wear protective clothing or sunscreen, for women have periodic mammograms, for men receive prostate screening, receive screening colonoscopy, for women who are sexually active have an annual Pap test and pelvic exam, for girls receive the HPV vaccine

Front 11

Three primary goals of

Back 11

Clear, control, palliation

Front 12

Primary goal

Back 12

Achieve a complete cure: permanent removal of all cancer cells from the body

Front 13

When a cure is not possible a second goal is to control or manage the disease

Back 13

Preventing growth and spread of the tumor may extend the patient's life

Front 14

Advanced stages-palliation care

Back 14

Chemotherapy drugs are administered to reduce the size of the tumor, easing the severity of pain and other tumor symptoms, improving the quality of life

Front 15

Adjuvent chemotherapy

Back 15

The administration of anti-neoplastic drugs after surgery or radiation therapy to treat the body of any cancerous cells that were not removed during surgery or to treat any microscopic metastases that may be developing

Front 16

Stomatitis

Back 16

Sore in mouth

Front 17

Alopecia

Back 17

Hair loss

Front 18

Most susceptible to adverse effects

Back 18

Normal tissues that are rapidly dividing in the adult

Front 19

Blood cells in the bone marrow may be destroyed

Back 19

Causing a reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Front 20

Tamoxifen

Back 20

Hormone, estrogen receptor blocker; treats breast cancer that feeds on estrogen

Front 21

Epoetin Alfa-hematopoietic growth factor, erythropoietin

Back 21

Stimulates RBC formation, treats anemia in cancer and HIV patients; s/e-hypertension

Front 22

Antineoplastic therapy

Back 22

Pg 447

Front 23

Type 1 diabetes

Back 23

Caused by a deficiency in insulin; insulin replacement therapy required

Front 24

Insulin

Back 24

Pg 531

Front 25

Omega-3 fatty acids and diabetes

Back 25

Unsaturated fats found in fish, vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy vegetables, beans; reduce inflammation, lower risk for cardiovascular disease, lower triglyceride levels

Front 26

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 26

A(carb)ose- blocks carbs in small intestine; s/e- in the intestines; CAUSES HYPOGlYCEMIA

Front 27

Biguanide

Back 27

Metformin- reduces glucose levels by decreasing the hepatic production of glucose and reducing insulin resistance; does not promote insulin release from the pancreas (helps the insulin get in); s/e- most common are GI related (n/v, abd discomfort, metallic taste, diarrhea, anorexia); DON'T CAUSE HYPOGlYCEMIA

Front 28

Incretin Enhancers "-gliptin -tide"

Back 28

increase insulin, decrease glucagon; only used in type 2 DM; take prior to meals; DON'T CAUSE HYPOGlYCEMIA

Front 29

Meglitinides "-linide"

Back 29

stimulate the release of insulin from pancreas; CAUSES HYPOGlYCEMIA

Front 30

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor "-flozin"

Back 30

causes glucose to be reabsorbed from urine; CAUSES HYPOGlYCEMIA

Front 31

Sulfonylureas "-mide -ride -zide -micronized"

Back 31

stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas; CAUSES HYPOGlYCEMIA

Front 32

Thiazolidinediones "-glitazone"

Back 32

decreases insulin resistance; CAUSES HYPOGlYCEMIA