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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiazide and Loop Diuretics
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Decrease PVR
Decrease CO Decrease Blood Volume No change/Decrease LV Hypertrophy Decrease K Increase Cholesterol |
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Indapamide and Metolazone are what class of Antihypertensive Drug?
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Thiazide Diuretic
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Furosemide and Bumetidine are what class of Antihypertensive Drug?
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Loop Diuretic
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
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Decrease PVR
Decrease CO Decrease Blood Volume No change/Decrease LV Hypertrophy Increase K |
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Amiloride, Spironolactone, and Epilerenone are what class of Antihypertensive Drug?
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
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What are the short-term and long-term effects of Thiazide Diuretics?
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Short-term:
Decrease Blood Volume Decrease CO Long-term: Decrease PVR due to decreased Na cell content |
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Adverse Effects of Thiazide and Loop Diuretics
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Gout
Hypokalemia: cardiac arrhythmias Hyperlipidemia, Hyperuricemia Aggravation of diabetes Blood cell deficiencies Benefit: protect against osteoporosis |
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Common Drug Interactions of Thiazide and Loop Diuretics
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Increase Lithium
Effect decreased by NSAIDs Effect augmented by ACE inhibitors |
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Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
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Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemic effect increased by ACE inhibitors and K supplements |
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Alpha-adrenoceptor Antagonists
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Doxasosin
Prazosin Terazosin |
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Alpha-adrenoceptor Antagonists: Cardiovascular Effects
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Decrease PVR
No change/Increase CO Decrease Left Ventricular Hypertrophy |
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Alpha-adrenoceptor Antagonists: Pharmacologic Effects
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No change in K
Decrease Cholesterol |
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Alpha-adrenoceptor Antagonists: Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
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Dizziness
First-dose syncope when taken w/ diuretic Fluid retention: activate Renin-AgT-Ald system Orthostatic Hypotension: B-adrenoceptor antagonists and Diuretics increase effects |
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Which alpha-receptor antagonists are used to treat pheochromocytoma and in hypertensive emergencies?
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Phenoxy-benzamine
Phentolamine |
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Beta-blocker given by IV for hypertensive emergencies w/ risk of compromised organ perfusion
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Esmolol
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Drug with antioxidant benefits
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Carvedilol
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Preferred central acting antihypertensive drug during pregnancy
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Methyldopa
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Drug used for pre-eclampsia
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Hydralazine
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Beta1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
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Atenolol
Metoprolol |
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Beta and Alpha selective Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
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Carvedilol
Labetalol |
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Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
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No change/Decreased PVR
Decreased CO: decrease HR and Contractility Decreased Left Ventricular Hypertrophy |
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Phramacological Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
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Slightly Increased K
No Change/Increased Cholesterol |
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Centrally acting Sympatholytic Drugs
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Clonidine: alpha2 agonist
Guanabenz Guanfacine Methyldopa |
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Cardiovascular Effects of Centrally acting Sympatholytics
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Decreased PVR
No change/Decreased CO Decreased Left Ventricular Hypertrophy |
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Pharmacologic Effects of Centrally acting Sympatholytics
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No changes in K or Cholesterol
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Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions of Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
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Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction: asthma/COPD Cardiac depression: increased by Diltiazem and Verapamil Fatigue Impaired glycogenolysis: non-selective Vivid dreams NSAIDs decrease efficacy |
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Benefits of Beta-Blockers
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Reduction of ischemia and risk of MIs in patients w/ coronary artery disease
Prevention of sudden death in patients w/ a MI |
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Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions of Clonidine/Guanabenz/Guanfacine
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Dry mouth
Fatigue Rebound HTN Sedation: CNS depressants increase effect Tricyclic antidepressants decrease efficacy |
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Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions of Methyldopa
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Hepatitis Lupus-like syndrome Dry mouth/Fatigue/Sedation Levodopa and NSAIDs increase efficacy Diltiazem and Verapamil increase Cardiac Depression |
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Mechanism of Centrally Acting Sympatholytics
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Reduce sympathetic outflow from brainstem
Activate imidazoline receptors in medulla: decreased PVR |
