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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does Chloroquine, Mefloquine, and Quinine work to inhibit malaria?
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Heme metabolism
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Which antimalarials work to inhibit electron transport?
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Primaquine and Atovaqoune
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Proguanil inhibits the synthesis of which molecule?
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Folate
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Which antimalarials work through protein synthesis inhibition
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Doxycycline, Tetracyclin, Clindamycin
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What class of antimalarials work against malaria through the production of free radicals?
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Artemisinin analogs
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What is the main method of resistanced to Chloroquine seen among malarial species and what are the main species associated with resistance?
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Resistance is due to mutations in a putative transporter or in expression of P-glycoprotein inducing the efflux of choloroquine. The main species associated with resistance is Falciparum, but there has also been some seen in Vivax.
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What is important to know when administering Primaquine?
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It is effective against dormant stages of the parasite and is a gametocidal agent. It can cause hemolysis or methemoglobinemia especially in patients with G6PD, because it produces oxidative stress and oxidizing reactions.
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Which antimalarial is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree (can produce toxic cinchonism), is thought to bind to parasitic DNA and inhibit replication, and may cause congenital malformation and should not be given in pregnancy?
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Quinine
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Where do the Artemisinin Analogs come from and which stages of the malarial life cycle are they effective in?
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This class of drugs is derived from the chinese herb Artemisia annua. They are most active against the parasites in the schizont stage and gametes, but not at all in the hepatic stage. The mechanism is related to formation of free radicals.
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What are the drugs of choice for chemoprophylaxis of malarial infection where species resistance to Chloroquine is present?
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Atovaquone/ Proguanil, or Doxycylin, or Mefloquine
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Name the drug of choice for acute malarial infection. What is given to prevent relapse?
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Chloroquine phosphate; Primaquine
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What are combinations used to treat acute infections with Chloroquine resistant strains of Malaria?
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1) Atovaquone/proguanil
2) Quinine sulfate + doxycycline, or + tetracyclin, or +clindamycin 3) Mefloquine or artemisinin based combo therapy |
