Pharm Adrenergic/cholinergic

Front 1

acetylcholine

Back 1

a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 2

acetylcholinesterase

Back 2

a neurotransmitter that inactivates acetylcholine

Front 3

adrenergic drugs

Back 3

drugs with effects similar to those that that occur in the body when the adrenergic nerves are stimulated

Front 4

adrenergic blocking drugs

Back 4

drugs that impede certain sympathetic nervous system functions

Front 5

autonomic nervous system

Back 5

the branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls functions essential for survival

Front 6

cardiac arrhythmia

Back 6

irregular heartbeat

Front 7

central nervous system

Back 7

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Front 8

cholinergic blocking drugs

Back 8

drugs that impede certain parasympathetic nervous system functions

Front 9

cholinergic drugs

Back 9

drugs that mimic the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 10

cholinergic crisis

Back 10

cholinergic drug toxicity

Front 11

first dose effect

Back 11

an unusually strong therapeutic effect experienced by some patients with the first dose of medication

Front 12

glaucoma

Back 12

an eye condition in which a blockage of drainage channels within the eye results in increased intraocular pressure that may lead to blindness

Front 13

myasthenia gravis

Back 13

a disease that causes fatigue of skeletal muscles because of the lack of acetylcholine released at the nerve endings of parasympathetic nerve fibers

Front 14

neurotransmitter

Back 14

a chemical substance

Hint 14

also called neurohormone

Front 15

orthostatic hypertension

Back 15

a feeling of light–headedness and dizziness after suddenly changing position

Hint 15

caused by a decrease in blood pressure when a person sits or stands

Front 16

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 16

a branch of the autonomic nervous system partly responsible for activities such as slowing the heart rate

Hint 16

digesting food

Front 17

peripheral nervous system

Back 17

all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

Hint 17

connecting all parts of the body with the central nervous system

Front 18

postural hypotension

Back 18

a feeling of lightheadedness and dizziness after suddenly changing from a lying to sitting or standing position

Hint 18

or from a sitting to a standing position

Front 19

shock

Back 19

a life threatening condition occuring when the supply of arterial blood flow and oxygen to the tissues and cells is inadequate

Front 20

somatic nervous system

Back 20

branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls sensation and voluntary movement

Front 21

sympathetic nervous system

Back 21

branch of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the expendature of energy and has key effects in stressful situations

Front 22

vasopressor

Back 22

a drug that raises the blood pressure because it constricts blood vessels

Front 23

adrenergic drugs

Back 23

synthetic neurohormones Epinephrine and norepinephrine––mimic activity of sympathetic nervous system. Effects similar to those that occur when the adrenergic nerves are stimulated.-metaraminol (Aramine)
isoproterenol (Isuprel)
ephedrine
synthetic adrenergics
primary effects occur in the heart

Hint 23

the blood vessels

Front 24

adrenergic blocking drugs

Back 24

impede sympathetic nervous system functions.-four classes of adrenergic blocking drugs block four different sets of nerves

Hint 24

have four related but different actions
cholinergic drugs––mimic activity of parasympathetic nervous system.-limited usefulness due to adverse reactions
cholinergic blocking drugs–– block action of neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system-anticholinergics have numerous effects because parasympathetic nerves control many areas of the body
somatic nervous system––sensory part sends messages to brain about internal and external environment––heat

Front 25

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 25

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 26

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Back 26

regulates the expenditure of energy and has key effects when one is confronted with stressful situations––danger

Hint 26

intense emotion or severe illness

Front 27

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Back 27

helps conserve body energy and is partly responsible for activities such as slowing the heart rate

Hint 27

digesting food and eliminating body wastes

Front 28

What are the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system?

Back 28

Epinephrine

Hint 28

secreted by the adrenal medulla

Front 29

Norepinephrine

Back 29

secreted mainly at nerve endings of sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves.

Front 30

What are the neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic (cholinergic) nervous system.- acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Front 31

Where are three places parasympathetic neurotransmitters ACh and AChE are released?-1)nerve endings of parasympathethic nerve fibers

Back 31

some nerve endings of sympathetic nerves 3) nerve endings of skeletal muscles

Front 32

How do parasympathetic nerves transmit impulses?

Back 32

a stimulated nerve fiber releases ACh

Hint 32

the impulse travels to the effector organ or structure. After crossing

Front 33

What are the effects of the ANS on the heart?

Back 33

Sympathetic (andrinergic)– Increased heart rate

Hint 33

muscle contractility

Front 34

Parasympathetic (cholinergic)

Back 34

decreased heart rate and muscle contractility

Front 35

What are the actions of the ANS?

Back 35

on blood vessels in the skin

Hint 35

mucous membranes and skeletal muscle?-S (A) Constriction skeletal muscle–usually dilation

Front 36

What are the actions of ANS on bronchial muscles?

Back 36

S (A) relaxation P (C) Contraction

Front 37

What are the actions of ANS on GI structures?

Back 37

S (A) sphincters usually contract

Hint 37

gallbladder relaxes

Front 38

P (C) muscle motility

Back 38

tone decrease––increased; sphincters relax

Hint 38

gallbladder contracts
What are the actions of ANS on the urinary bladder?-S (A) detrusor muscle relaxes

Front 39

P (C) opposite
What are the actions of ANS on the eye?

Back 39

S (A) radial muscle of iris contracts

Hint 39

pupil dilates

Front 40

P (C) sphincter muscle of iris contracts

Back 40

pupil constricts. ciliary muscle contracts
What are the actions of ANS on the skin?-S (A) sweating in localized areas and goosebumps (pilomotor muscles)
P (C)
What are the actions of ANS on the salivary glands

Hint 40

liver