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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Azathioprine: class?
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cytotoxic immunosuppressive
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Azathioprine: mechanism?
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converted to 6-MP, interferes with de novo purine synth; salvage pathway of purines
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Azathioprine: counterindications?
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thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency, likely drug toxicity
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Azathioprine: chemistry?
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purine analogs
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Azathioprine: prodrug??
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yes
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Azathioprine: side effects?
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*myelotoxicity*, low CBC counts, pancreatitis
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6-mercaptopurine: class?
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cytotoxic immunosuppressive
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6-mercaptopurine: counterindications?
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thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency, likely drug toxicity
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6-mercaptopurine: chemistry?
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purine analogs
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6-mercaptopurine: prodrug??
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no
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Mycophenolate Mofetil: class?
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cytotoxic immunosuppressive
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Mycophenolate Mofetil: mechanism?
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inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, de novo purine synthesis enzyme
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Mycophenolate Mofetil: counterindications?
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risk factors for toxicity: cumulative dose, obesity, alcohol use.
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Mycophenolate Mofetil: prodrug??
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no
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Methotrexate: class?
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cytotoxic immunosuppressive
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Methotrexate: prodrug??
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no
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Cyclophosphamide: class?
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cytotoxic immunosuppressive
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Cyclophosphamide: mechanism?
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alkylating agent
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Cyclophosphamide: prodrug??
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no
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Cyclophosphamide: side effects?
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hemorrhagic cystitis, other bad shit
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Cyclosporine: class?
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calcineurin inhibitors; selective for T lymphocytes
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Cyclosporine: mechanism?
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inhibit T cell calcineurin
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Cyclosporine: chemistry?
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complex cyclic fungal polypeptide that is extremely lipophilic
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Cyclosporine: metabolism?
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Liver-CYP 3A, many drug interactions
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Tacrolimus: class?
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calcineurin inhibitors, selective for T lymphocytes
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Tacrolimus: mechanism?
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inhibit T cell calcineurin
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OKT3®: class?
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anti CD3 antibody
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OKT3®: mechanism?
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binds to CD3 on T cells
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Prostaglandins : chemistry?
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arachidonic acid derivative
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Prostaglandins : strongest platelet aggregator?
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PGI2
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Thromboxane A2 : metabolism?
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spontaneous degradation
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Prostaglandin I2: metabolism?
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spontaneous degradation
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zileuton : mechanism?
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inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase
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zileuton : indications?
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asthma
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Misoprostol : class?
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synthetic PGE1
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Misoprostol : mechanism?
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synthetic PGE1
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Misoprostol : counterindications?
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contraindicated during pregnancy. (uterine contractions)
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Aspirin: class?
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NSAID
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Aspirin: mechanism?
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acetylates cyclooxegenase; hits platelets harder than tissue (low dose)
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Aspirin: counterindications?
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kids (reye's syndrome)
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Indomethacin: class?
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NSAID
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Indomethacin: indications?
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acute attack of gouty arthritis---aspirin is contraindicated because of the inhibitory effects of aspirin on uric acid excretion.
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Indomethacin: side effects?
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CNS toxicity, headache, dizzyness, psychosis
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celecoxib: class?
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Cox2 inhibitor
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rofecoxib: class?
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Cox2 inhibitor
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ibuprofen,: class?
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NSAID
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Diphenhydramine (benadryl) : class?
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H1 competitive antagonist
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Diphenhydramine (benadryl) : chemistry?
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tertiary amines
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Terfenadine* Seldane®: class?
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Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
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Terfenadine* Seldane®: mechanism?
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1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
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Terfenadine* Seldane®: side effects?
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torsades de pointes from unmetabolized drug
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fexofenadine (fexofenadine): class?
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Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
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fexofenadine (fexofenadine): mechanism?
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1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
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Loratididine (Claritin): class?
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Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
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Loratididine (Claritin): mechanism?
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1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
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Desloratadine (Clarinex): class?
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Second-Generation H1 blockers (non-sedating antihistamine
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Desloratadine (Clarinex): mechanism?
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1st pass metab to -COOH H1 blocker. No CNS entranfce
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ranitidine (Zantac®): class?
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H2 receptor antagonist
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ranitidine (Zantac®): indications?
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anti ulcer
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cimetidine (Tagamet®): class?
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H2 receptor antagonist
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cimetidine (Tagamet®): indications?
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anti ulcer
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cimetidine (Tagamet®): dangerous interactions?
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binds to cytochrome P-450 system, decreasing warfarin, theophylline and phenytoin metabolism
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Famotidine : class?
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H2 receptor antagonist
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Cromolyn (Intal®): indications?
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prophylactic tx of asthma
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Albuterol: class?
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beta2 blocker
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Albuterol: mechanism?
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fast onset beta 2 blocker
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Albuterol: indications?
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acute tx asthma
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Salmeterol: class?
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beta2 blocker
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Salmeterol: mechanism?
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slow onset beta 2 blocker
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Salmeterol: indications?
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chronic tx of asthma
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(theophylline) : class?
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Methylxanthines
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(theophylline) : mechanism?
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inhibits adenosine binding to adenosine receptors
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(theophylline) : indications?
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chronic tx of asthma
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ipratropium bromide: class?
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Muscarinic cholinergic antagonist
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ipratropium bromide: indications?
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chronic tx of asthma
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Zileuton (Zyflo®) : class?
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Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase and products
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Zileuton (Zyflo®) : mechanism?
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inhibitor of human 5-Lipoxygenase
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Zileuton (Zyflo®) : indications?
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chronic tx of asthma
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Zafirlukast (Accolate®) : class?
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Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase and products
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Zafirlukast (Accolate®) : mechanism?
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inhibitor of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor for LTD4
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Zafirlukast (Accolate®) : indications?
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chronic tx of asthma
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Montelukast (Singulair®): class?
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Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase and products
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Montelukast (Singulair®): mechanism?
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leukotriene receptor antagonist
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Montelukast (Singulair®): indications?
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chronic tx of asthma
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meprazole (Prilosec®): class?
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H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor
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meprazole (Prilosec®): indications?
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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meprazole (Prilosec®): chemistry?
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substituted benzimidazoles (weak bases) that are lipid soluble molecules
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misoprostol, Cytotec®): class?
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prostaglandin
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misoprostol, Cytotec®): mechanism?
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Prostaglandins of the E and I groups inhibit acid secretion by acting on the parietal cell
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Mg(OH)2: mechanism?
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antiacid; osmotic laxative
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Mg(OH)2: side effects?
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diarrhea
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Al (OH)3 : mechanism?
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antiacid
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Al (OH)3 : side effects?
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constipation
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Calcium carbonate: mechanism?
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antiacid
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Sucralfate : mechanism?
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increases mucosal defense against acid; maybe
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Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol®, Kaopectate® liquid): mechanism?
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increases mucosal defense against acid
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Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol®, Kaopectate® liquid): indications?
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GERD; diarrhea
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Metoclopramide : class?
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Prokinetic Gastrointestinal Drug
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Metoclopramide : mechanism?
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opamine antagonist; 5-HT3 antagonist
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Metoclopramide : indications?
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GERD; gastroparesis; intestinal pseudo-obstruction
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Cisapride : class?
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Prokinetic Gastrointestinal Drug
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Cisapride : mechanism?
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5-HT4 agonist; 5-HT3 antagonist
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Cisapride : indications?
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GERD; gastroparesis; intestinal pseudo-obstruction
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Cisapride : side effects?
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torsades de pointes
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Erythromycin : class?
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Prokinetic Gastrointestinal Drug
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Erythromycin : mechanism?
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motilin agonist
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Erythromycin : indications?
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nondigestible solid stasis; inestinal pseudo-obstruction
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Loperamide (Imodium®) : class?
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antidhiarrheal; phenylpiperidine analgesic analog
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Loperamide (Imodium®) : mechanism?
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opiate agonist
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Loperamide (Imodium®) : indications?
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diarrhea
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Loperamide (Imodium®) : counterindications?
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infectious diarrhea, impedes passage of bugs
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Lomotil® (diphenoxylate and atropine): class?
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antidiarrehal
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Lomotil® (diphenoxylate and atropine): mechanism?
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opiate agonist adn atropine (to discourage abuse, damn)
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Cholestyramine and Colestipol: class?
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bile acid binders
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Cholestyramine and Colestipol: mechanism?
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decrease diarrhea induction by bile acids
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Octreotide (Sandostatin®): class?
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antisecretory antidiarrheal
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Octreotide (Sandostatin®): indications?
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severe refractory secretory diarrhea
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Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®): class?
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Contact Laxatives
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Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®): mechanism?
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stimulates enteric nerves to cause colonic mass movement.
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Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®): indications?
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constipation
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Castor Oil - from seeds of Ricinus communis : class?
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Contact Laxatives
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Castor Oil - from seeds of Ricinus communis : mechanism?
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stimulates fluid and water secretion
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Castor Oil - from seeds of Ricinus communis : indications?
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constipation
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Docusate : class?
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Contact Laxatives
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Docusate : mechanism?
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increase NaCl secretion via cAMP
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Docusate : indications?
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constipation
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Mineral Oil: class?
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Lubricant Laxative
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Mineral Oil: indications?
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constipation
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magnesium citrate: class?
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Osmotic Laxatives
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magnesium citrate: indications?
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constipation
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polyethylene glycol,: class?
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Osmotic Laxatives
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polyethylene glycol,: indications?
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constipation
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Sodium phosphate (Fleets® Phosphosoda): class?
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Osmotic Laxatives
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Sodium phosphate (Fleets® Phosphosoda): indications?
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constipation
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Lactulose : class?
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non absorbable sugar
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Lactulose : mechanism?
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acidifies colon, traps amines for excretion
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Metronidazole (Flagyl®): class?
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spectrum-gram neg anaerobes antibiotic
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Metronidazole (Flagyl®): indications?
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bacterial overgrowth of GI (esp w/ crohn's)
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Metronidazole (Flagyl®): counterindications?
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pregnancy
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Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: class?
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antiobiotic and 5-ASA
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Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: mechanism?
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5-ASA antiinflam??
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Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: indications?
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Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
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Sulfasalazine (SAZ, Azulfadine®),: side effects?
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disulfiram-like rx; teratogen
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5-ASA : class?
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Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
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5-ASA : mechanism?
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5-ASA antiinflam??
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5-ASA : indications?
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Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
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5-ASA : side effects?
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renal toxicity
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Asacol®: class?
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Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
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Asacol®: mechanism?
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5-ASA antiinflam??
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Asacol®: indications?
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Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
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Pentasa®: class?
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Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
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Pentasa®: mechanism?
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5-ASA antiinflam??
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Pentasa®: indications?
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Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
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Olsalazine (Dipentum®): class?
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Sulfasalazine/5-ASA Family
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Olsalazine (Dipentum®): mechanism?
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5-ASA antiinflam??
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Olsalazine (Dipentum®): indications?
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Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
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