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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
barbiturate with high lipid solubility, can be used for induction anesthesia d/t fast onset of CNS action
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thiopental
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how are actions of thiopental terminated?
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rapid redistribution to other highly perfused tissues
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several days of therapy with which drugs can lead to accumulation of active metabolites and excessive sedation?
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diazepam, flurazepam
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these benzos undergo extrahepatic conjugation and do not form active metabolites
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lorazepam, oxazepam
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benzos used for GAD?
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chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate (long-acting)
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MOA of benzodiazepines
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bind to GABA-A chloride channel and increase frequency of opening
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antidote for benzodiazepine OD
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flumazenil
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MOA of barbiturates
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facilitate and prolong GABA and glycine inhibition in reticular formation;
also binds to GABA-A receptor chloride channel and increase duration of its opening |
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aside from their normal MOA, what effects to barbiturates have, esp at high doses?
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block glutamate and sodium channels
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sedatives that are not benzos but bind to the same receptor (with more selectivity)?
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zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
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when 2 or more sedative-hypnotics are given together, depressant effects are _____
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additive
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which of the sed-hyp drugs has a linear dose-response curve?
implication? |
barbiturates
dose too high = anesthesia -> medullary depression -> coma |
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which sed-hyp's can produce anesthesia?
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midazolam, diazepam, and most barbiturates
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which drugs, at doses that suppress convulsions, do not produce marked sedation?
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phenobarbital, clonazepam
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which sed-hyp drugs are used in status epilepticus?
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high doses of IV diazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital
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which drug is useful for spasticity states at sedative doses?
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diazepam
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which drugs have fewer withdrawal sxs after discontinuance?
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zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
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which sed-hyp are favored in tx of acute anxiety states?
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benzos
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drugs used in primary insomnia and other sleep disorders?
which have the least hangover? |
benzos (estazolam, flurazepam, triazolam)
zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone (least hangover) |
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sed-hyp used in tx of bipolar disorder?
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clonazepam
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drugs used to tx W/D from alcohol or other sedative hypnotics?
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long acting benzos (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam)
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most common drug interaction with sed-hyp's?
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additive CNS depression when used with etOH, antihistamines, antipsychotics, opioids, and TCAs
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sed-hyp's that induce CYP enzymes
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barbiturates and carbamates
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class of sed-hyp that can cause AIP
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barbiturates
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sed-hyp that increases anticoag effects of warfarin
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chloral hydrate
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atypical sed-hyp that is anxiolytic but has no anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties; partial agonist of 5HT-1A receptors
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Buspirone
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sed-hyp that activates melatonin receptors to decrease sleep latency
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ramelteon
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sxs of withdrawal from sed-hyp's, esp shorter-acting ones?
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anxiety, tremors, hyperreflexia, seizures
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half life of secobarbital is _____ than that of phenobarbital
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shorter
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anxiolytic with >1 week onset of action?
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buspirone
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