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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_____ Tolerance: associated with long-term administration of drugs such as morphine or heroin (causes MEC to increase)
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Pharmacodynamic
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______Tolerance: resulting from accelerated drug metabolism (does not affect)
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Metabolic
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Reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing over a short time
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Tachyphylaxis
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Certain ____ _____ are more effective in women than in men
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Opioid Analgesics
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____ causes greater QT interval prolongation in women than in men
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Quinidine
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Esters are local anesthetics inactivated/metabolized in the ____ by enzyme ____
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Blood
Esterases |
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Amides are inactivated/metabolized by ____ ___ in the ____
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hepatic enzymes
liver |
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Preanesthetic medication given to relieve anxiety and promote amnesia
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Benzodiazepines
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An alpha2-adrenergic agonist given preoperatively to relieve hypotension/pain/pre-op anxiety and cause sedation
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Clonidine
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Drugs given preoperatively to prevent bradycardia
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Anticholinergic drugs
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Antiemetic drug given postoperatively to suppress nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy
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Ondansetron
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Post-op drug given for relief of abdominal distention and urinary retention
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Muscarinic agonist
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Drug that causes hallucinations, disturbing dreams, and delieium
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Ketamine
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Premedication with ____ or ____ reduces the risk of an adverse reaction from ketamine
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Diazepam
midazolam |
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Application of an ____ reduces the risk of bradycardia during surgery
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atropine
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Fentanyl is ____ the potency of morphine
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100x
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Morphine and other opioid agonists are thought to relieve pain by mimicking the actions of ___ ___ ___, primarily at mu receptors
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endogenous opioid peptides
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Anticholinergic drugs can exacerbate morphine-induced ___ and ___ ___
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constipation
urinary retention |
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____ ____ can produce a syndrome characterized by excitation, delirium, hyperpyrexia, convulsions, and severe respiratory depression when taken with morphine
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MAO inhibitors
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Opioid antagonists are employed primarily to ____________
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treat opioid overdose
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What reverses morphine toxicity?
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Naloxone
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Fatal dysrhythmias, torsades de pointes, and respiratory depepression are adverse effects of _____
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methadone
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Gastric ulceration, renal impairment, bleeding, and MI and stroke are the main adverse effects of _____
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indomethacin
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WHat reverses APAP (acetaminophen) toxicity
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acetylcysteine
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Max daily dose of acetaminophen
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4g/day
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Like other NSAIDS, keterolac works by suppressing ____ ____
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prostaglandin synthesis
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Pain relief of ketorolac is equivalent to that of _____
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morphine and other opioids
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Minocycline works by inhibiting ___, an enzyme that promotes joint destruction
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collagenase
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The two main adverse effects of Minocycline
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Dizziness
Skin rash |
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The usual maintenance dosage range for Methotrexate is:
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10-20 mg/wk
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Colchicine is used in treatment of ____
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gout
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_____ can inhibit hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, thereby delaying the inactivation of other drugs
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Allopurinol
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___, ___, and ____ should not be used with allopurinol ecause it could accumulate to toxic leels in the presence of allopurinol
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mercaptopurine
azathioprine theophyl |
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Usual maintenance dose for allopurinol
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100-300 mg/day
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Maintenance dose for febuxostat
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40-80 mg/day
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Maintenance dose for Probenecid
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500 mg BID
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Maintenance dose for Sulfinpyrazone
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200-800 mg/day
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