Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
255 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What symptoms indicate cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
DUMBBELSS: Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of the skeletal muscle and the central nervous system, Lacrimation, Sweating, and Salivation
|
|
True or False: Abdominal cramping can be a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
True
|
|
True or False: Diarrhea can be a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Urinary incontinence is not a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
False; urinary incontinenence is a symptom of cholinesterase poisoning
|
|
True or False: Miosis can be a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Bronchospasm is not a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
False; bronchospasm is a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
|
True or False: Bradycardia can be a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
True
|
|
True or False: The excitation of skeletal muscle is not a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
False; skeletal muscle excitation is a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
|
True or False: Central nervous system overactivation can be a result of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Excessive lacrimation is not a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
False; excessive lacrimation is a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
|
True or False: Sweating can be a symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
True
|
|
The symptoms of parathion poisoning are caused by the inhibition of what enzyme?
|
Acetylcholinesterase
|
|
The symptoms of organophosphate poisoning are caused by the inhibition of what enzyme?
|
Acetylcholinesterase
|
|
What antidote can be given to a patient who presents with diarrhea, urinary incontinence, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, lacrimation, sweating, and salivation?
|
Atropine and pralidoxime
|
|
Atropine is used as an antidote for what kind of poisoning?
|
Organophosphate/anticholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
|
Atropine is effective for treating organophosphate poisoning by inhibiting what receptors?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
Pralidoxime is used as an antidote for what kind of poisoning?
|
Organophosphate/cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
|
|
Pralidoxime is effective for treating organophosphate poisoning via what mechanism?
|
The regeneration of active acetylcholinesterase
|
|
What type of receptors does atropine antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does homatropine antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does tropicamide antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does benztropine antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, CNS
|
|
What type of receptors does scopolamine antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does ipratropium antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does methscopolamine antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does oxybutin antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
What type of receptors does glycopyrrolate antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, decrease airway secretion in anesthisiology
|
|
What type of receptors does propantheline antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
True or False: Atropine drops can be used in the eyes.
|
True, mydriasis and cyclolpegia
|
|
What organ system is the target of homatropine?
|
The eye
|
|
What organ system is the target of tropicamide?
|
The eye
|
|
What organ system is the target of benztropine?
|
The central nervous system, parkinson
|
|
What organ system is the target of scopolamine?
|
The central nervous system
|
|
What organ system is the target of ipratropium?
|
The respiratory system
|
|
What organ system is the target of methscopolamine?
|
The gastrointestinal system
|
|
What organ system is the target of oxybutin?
|
The genitourinary system
|
|
What organ system is the target of glycopyrrolate?
|
The genitourinary system
also respiratory |
|
What organ system is the target of propantheline?
|
The gastrointestinal system
|
|
What is the effect of atropine on the eye?
|
It produces mydriasis and cycloplegia
|
|
What is the effect of homatropine on the eye?
|
It produces mydriasis and cycloplegia
|
|
What is the effect of tropicamide on the eye?
|
It produces mydriasis and cycloplegia
|
|
For what disease of the central nervous system is benztropine used?
|
Parkinson's disease (PARK my BENZ)
|
|
The effect of scopolamine on the central nervous system is useful for treating what condition?
|
Motion sickness
|
|
Ipratropium is used to treat what two respiratory conditions?
|
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
|
True or False: Oxybutynin can be used to reduce urgency in patients with mild cystitis.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Oxybutynin can be used to reduce bladder spasms.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Oxybutynin is used to treat motion sickness.
|
False; oxybutynin is used to treat bladder spasm and reduce urgency in mild cystitis
|
|
True or False: Oxybutin is used to reduce bladder spasms.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Glycopyrrolate is used to reduce bladder spasms.
|
True
|
|
What is the clinical application of scopolamine?
|
Treatment of motion sickness
|
|
What is the clinical application of benztropine?
|
Treatment of Parkinson's disease
|
|
Propantheline is used to treat what gastrointestinal condition?
|
Peptic ulcer disease
|
|
What type of acetylcholine receptors does atropine antagonize?
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
Atropine is used for therapeutic effect in which four organ systems?
|
Eyes, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, urinary system
|
|
What are the two effects of atropine on the eye?
|
Pupil dilation, cycloplegia
|
|
What is the effect of atropine on the airway mucosa?
|
It decreases secretions
|
|
What is the effect of atropine on the stomach?
|
It decreases acid secretion
|
|
What is the effect of atropine on gastrointestinal motility?
|
It decreases motility
|
|
What is the effect of atropine on the bladder in a patient with cystitis?
|
It decreases urgency
|
|
According to the mnemonic SLUD, what four major physiologic processes are blocked by atropine?
|
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, and Defecation
|
|
True or False: Increased body temperature is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True (ie, "hot as a hare")
|
|
True or False: Rapid pulse is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Dry mouth is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True (ie, "dry as a bone")
|
|
True or False: Dry, flushed skin is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True (ie, "dry as a bone, red as a beet")
|
|
True or False: Cycloplegia is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True (ie, "blind as a bat")
|
|
True or False: Constipation is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Disorientation is a sign of atropine toxicity.
|
True (ie, "mad as a hatter")
|
|
True or False: Atropine toxicity can cause acute angle-closure glaucoma in elderly patients.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Atropine toxicity can cause urinary retention in men with prostatic hypertrophy.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Atropine toxicity can cause hyperthermia in infants.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Atropine toxicity frequently causes respiratory distress.
|
False; atropine toxicity does not cause respiratory distress
|
|
True or False: Atropine toxicity can cause urinary incontinence.
|
False; atropine toxicity can cause urinary retention in men with prostatic hypertrophy
|
|
True or False: Atropine toxicity can cause fecal incontinence.
|
False; atropine toxicity causes constipation, not fecal incontinence
|
|
What type of acetylcholine receptors does hexamethonium antagonize?
|
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
|
|
Is hexamethonium a preganglionic, ganglionic, or postganglionic blocker?
|
Ganglionic
|
|
What effect does hexamethonium have on heart rate?
|
Prevents vagal responses to blood pressure
|
|
What drug can prevent the reflex bradycardia that is caused by norepinephrine?
|
Hexamethonium
|
|
Name four toxicities of hexamethonium.
|
Severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction
|
|
Isoproterenol, dobutamine, and phenylephrine are _____ (direct/indirect) sympathomimetics.
|
Direct
|
|
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are _____ (direct/indirect) sympathomimetics.
|
Direct
|
|
Albuterol, terbutaline, and ritodrine are _____ (direct/indirect) sympathomimetics.
|
Direct
|
|
What four types of receptors are activated by epinephrine?
|
α1, α2, β1, and β2 receptors
|
|
Low doses of epinephrine are selective for _____ (α1, α2, β1, β2) adrenergic receptors.
|
β1
|
|
What three types of receptors are activated by norepinephrine?
|
α1, α2, and β1 receptors
|
|
Does norepinephrine have greater affinity for α-adrenergic receptors or β1-receptors?
|
α-Adrenergic receptors
|
|
Is the effect of isoproterenol on β1-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on β2-receptors?
|
Equal to
|
|
Is the effect of dopamine on D1-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on D2-receptors?
|
Equal to
|
|
Is the effect of dopamine on dopamine receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on β-receptors?
|
Greater than
|
|
Does dopamine have a greater affinity for α-receptors or for dopamine receptors?
|
Dopamine receptors
|
|
Is the effect of dopamine on β-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on α-receptors?
|
Greater than
|
|
Is the effect of dobutamine on β1-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on β2-receptors?
|
Greater than
|
|
Dopamine is _____ (ionotropic/not ionotropic) and _____ (chronotropic/not chronotropic), while dobutamine is _____ (ionotropic/not ionotropic) and _____ (chronotropic/not chronotropic).
|
Ionotropic; chronotropic; ionotropic; not chronotropic
|
|
Phenylephrine has _____ (greater/lesser/equal) effect on α1-adrenergic receptors compared to α2-adreneric receptors.
|
Greater
|
|
Terbutaline has _____ (greater/lesser/equal) effect on β1-adrenergic receptors compared to β2-adreneric receptors.
|
Lesser
|
|
Albuterol has _____ (greater/lesser/equal) effect on β2-adrenergic receptors compared to β1-adreneric receptors.
|
Greater
|
|
Ritodrine acts on _____ (α1, α2, β1, β2)-adrenergic receptors.
|
β2
|
|
What are the clinical applications of epinephrine?
|
Anaphylaxis, open-angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension
|
|
True or False: Norepinephrine can be used to treat hypotension.
|
True
|
|
What effect does norepinephrine have on renal perfusion?
|
It decreases renal perfusion
It decreases renal perfusion |
|
True or False: Isoproterenol can be used to treat atrioventricular block.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Isoproterenol is used to treat anaphylaxis.
|
False; epinephrine is used to treat anaphylaxis, not isoproterenol
|
|
True or False: Dopamine is used to treat anaphylaxis.
|
False; epinephrine is used to treat anaphylaxis, not dopamine
|
|
True or False: Dobutamine is used to treat anaphylaxis.
|
False; epinephrine is used to treat anaphylaxis, not dobutamine
|
|
True or False: Dopamine can be used to treat shock.
|
True
|
|
What role does dopamine have in treating shock?
|
Increases blood pressure while maintaining renal perfusion
|
|
True or False: Dopamine can be used to treat heart failure.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Dobutamine can be used to treat shock.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Dobutamine can be used to treat heart failure.
|
True
|
|
What are the clinical applications of phenylephrine?
|
Treats nasal decongestion; causes vasoconstriction; dilates pupils
|
|
True or False: Albuterol is a treatment for acute asthma.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Terbutaline and ritodrine can be used to treat premature uterine contractions.
|
True
|
|
Amphetamine, ephedrine, and cocaine are (direct/indirect) sympathomimetics.
|
Indirect
|
|
By what mechanism does amphetamine exert its sympathomimetic effect?
|
It stimulates the release of stored catecholamines
|
|
By what mechanism does ephedrine exert its sympathomimetic effect?
|
It stimulates the release of stored catecholamines
|
|
By what mechanism does cocaine exert its sympathomimetic effect?
|
It inhibits catecholamine uptake in the nerve terminal
|
|
What type of adrenergic receptors does clonidine act on?
|
Central α-2 receptors
|
|
What is the effect of clonidine on central adrenergic outflow?
|
It decreases central adrenergic outflow
|
|
True or False: Amphetamine can be used to treat narcolepsy.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Amphetamine can be used to treat obesity.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Amphetamine can be used to treat attention deficit disorder.
|
True True
|
|
True or False: Amphetamine can be used to treat nasal congestion.
|
False; ephedrine can be used to treat nasal congestion
|
|
True or False: Amphetamine can be used to treat urinary incontinence.
|
False; ephedrine can be used to treat urinary incontinence
|
|
What are the clinical applications of ephedrine?
|
Treats nasal congestion, urinary incontinence, and hypotension
|
|
True or False: Ephedrine is used to treat asthma.
|
False; albuterol is used to treat asthma
|
|
True or False: Ephedrine is used to treat obesity.
|
False; amphetamines are used to treat obesity
|
|
True or False: Ephedrine is used to treat narcolepsy.
|
False; amphetamines are used to treat narcolepsy
|
|
True or False: Phenylephrine can be used to dilate pupils.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Phenylephrine can be used for vasoconstriction.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Phenylephrine can be used to treat nasal congestion.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Albuterol is used to treat nasal congestion.
|
False; ephedrine and phenylepherine are used to treat nasal congestion
|
|
True or False: Terbutaline can be used to treat nasal congestion.
|
False; ephedrine and phenylepherine are used to treat nasal congestion
|
|
True or False: Cocaine can cause vasoconstriction.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Cocaine can cause local anesthesia.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Clonidine can be used to treat hypertension.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Clonidine can be used to treat hypertension in patients with renal disease.
|
True; clonidine does not reduce blood flow to kidney
|
|
True or False: α-Methyldopa can be used to treat hypertension.
|
True
|
|
True or False: α-Methyldopa causes hypoperfusion to the kidneys.
|
False; α-metyldopa does not decrease blood flow to the kidneys
|
|
What are two patient populations for which methyldopa is indicated (as an anti-hypertensive)?
|
Renal failure patients, pregnant patients
|
|
True or False: α-Methyldopa can be used to treat hypertension in patients with renal disease.
|
True
|
|
Is the effect of norepinephrine on β-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on α-receptors?
|
Less than
|
|
Is the effect of epinephrine on β-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on α-receptors?
|
Equal to
|
|
Is the effect of isoproterenol on β-receptors greater than, equal to, or less than its effect on α-receptors?
|
Greater than
|
|
What effect does norepinephrine have on systolic blood pressure?
|
It increases systolic blood pressure
|
|
What effect does norepinephrine have on diastolic blood pressure?
|
It increases diastolic blood pressure
|
|
Does pulse pressure increase, decrease, or remain unchanged when norepinephrine is administered?
|
It increases slightly, because systolic pressure rises more than diastolic pressure
|
|
What effect does norepinephrine have on the heart rate?
|
It reduces heart rate by causing reflex bradycardia
|
|
What effect does epinephrine have on systolic blood pressure?
|
It increases systolic blood pressure
|
|
What effect does epinephrine have on diastolic blood pressure?
|
It decreases diastolic blood pressure
|
|
Does pulse pressure increase, decrease, or remain unchanged when epinephrine is administered?
|
It increases significantly because systolic blood pressure rises while diastolic blood pressure drops
|
|
What effect does epinephrine have on the heart rate?
|
It increases the heart rate because it is a β1 agonist
|
|
What effect does isoproterenol have on systolic blood pressure?
|
Isoproterenol causes little change in systolic blood pressure
|
|
What effect does isoproterenol have on diastolic blood pressure?
|
It decreases diastolic blood pressure because it is a β2 agonist
|
|
Does pulse pressure increase, decrease, or remain unchanged when isoproterenol is administered?
|
It increases
|
|
What effect does isoproterenol have on the heart rate?
|
It increases the heart rate significantly; it is used for cardiac stress testing
|
|
Why does norepinephrine administration result in reflex bradycardia?
|
Norepinephrine raises blood pressure, causing a vagal response that leads to reflex bradycardia via increased parasympathetic input to the heart
|
|
Epinephrine causes an increase in heart rate via which receptor subtype?
|
β1 receptors; although epinephrine exhibits affinity for both β subtypes, it is selective for β1 at low doses, leading to tachycardia
|
|
What effect does isoproteronol have on pulse pressure and heart rate?
|
Increases pulse pressure and heart rate
|
|
Name four selective β2-agonists.
|
Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Salmeterol, Terbutaline (MAST)
|
|
What endocrine disease is an indication for treatment with phenoxybenzamine?
|
Pheochromocytoma
|
|
Is phenoxybenzamine a reversible or irreversible α-blocker?
|
Irreversible
|
|
Is phentolamine a reversible or irreversible α-blocker?
|
Reversible
|
|
Is phenoxybenzamine a selective or nonselective α-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
Is phentolamine a selective or nonselective α-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
What two α-blockers can be used to treat pheochromocytoma?
|
Phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine
|
|
True or False: Orthostatic hypotension is a side effect of phenoxybenzamine.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Orthostatic hypotension is a side effect of phentolamine.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Reflex tachycardia is a toxicity of phenoxybenzamine.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Hypertension is a sign of phentolamine toxicity.
|
False; orthostatic hypotension is a sign of phenoxybenzamine toxicity
|
|
True or False: Prazosin is used to treat pheochromocytoma.
|
False; prazosin is used to treat hypertension and urinary retention in benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
|
At what point in treatment is phenoxybenzamine used in a patient who will be undergoing surgery to remove a pheochromocytoma?
|
It is administered before the surgery to block effects of high levels of cathecholamines that may be released from the tumor
|
|
True or False: Doxazosin is used to treat pheochromocytoma.
|
False; doxazosin is used to treat hypertension and urinary retention in benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
|
True or False: Prazosin is used to treat hypertension.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Doxazosin is used to treat hypertension.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Doxazosin is used to treat urinary retention in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
|
True
|
|
Is prazosin an α1-, α2-, or nonselective α-blocker?
|
α1-Selective
|
|
Is terazosin an α1-, α2-, or nonselective α-blocker?
|
α1-Selective
|
|
Is doxazosin an α1-, α2-, or nonselective α-blocker?
|
α1-Selective
|
|
True or False: Orthostatic hypotension can occur with the initial dose of prazosin.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Dizziness is a doxazosin side effect.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Headache is a terazosin side effect.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Headache is a doxazosin side effect.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Increased appetite is a side effect of doxazosin.
|
False; increased appetitie is not a side effect of prazosin
|
|
What psychiatric disorder is an indication for treatment with mirtazapine?
|
Depression
|
|
Mirtazapine blocks what type of adrenergic receptor?
|
α2-Receptor
|
|
Is mirtazapine an α1-, α2-, or nonselective α-blocker?
|
α2-Selective
|
|
True or False: Hypercholesterolemia is a side effect of mirtazapine.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Sedation is a mirtazapine side effect.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Increased appetite is a side effect of mirtazapine.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Orthostatic hypotension is a side effect of mirtazapine.
|
False; orthostatic hypotension is not a side effect of mirtazapine
|
|
True or False: A large dose of epinephrine has a net pressor effect on blood pressure.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Phenylephrine has a net pressor effect on blood pressure.
|
True
|
|
True or False: A large dose of epinephrine has a net depressor effect on blood pressure.
|
False; epinephrine has a net pressor effect
|
|
True or False: Phenylephrine has a net depressor effect on blood pressure.
|
False; phenylephrine has a net pressor effect
|
|
True or False: In the presence of phentolamine, epinephrine has a net pressor effect on blood pressure.
|
False; phentolamine (an α-blocker) effectively blocks the pressor effect of epinephrine, which is an agonist of α- and β-receptors, on blood pressure; the β agonist activity dominates leading to a net depressor effect in the presence of phentolamine
|
|
True or False: In the presence of phentolamine, phenylephrine has a net pressor effect on blood pressure.
|
False; phentolamine (an α-blocker) effectively blocks the pressor effect of phenylephrine, which is an α-receptor agonist, on blood pressure; since phenylephrine has only α agonist activity, which is blocked by phentolamine, the addition of phentolamine leads to a suppression of pressor effect, but no depressor effect
|
|
True or False: In the presence of phentolamine, epinephrine has a net depressor effect on blood pressure.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Phentolamine effectively suppresses the pressor effect of phenylephrine on blood pressure and has no additional depressor effect.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Phentolamine effectively suppresses the pressor effect of phenylephrine on blood pressure and has an additional depressor effect.
|
False; phentolamine (an α-blocker) effectively blocks the pressor effect of phenylephrine (an α-receptor agonist) on blood pressure; there is no additional depressor effect (as would be the case with epinephrine stimulation) as a result
|
|
The net pressor effect of epinephrine on mean blood pressure is reversed to a net depressor effect when it is given in the presence of phentolamine. The stimulation of what receptor class is responsible for the net pressor effect of epinephrine?
|
α-Receptor
|
|
The net pressor effect of epinephrine on mean blood pressure is reversed to a net depressor effect when it is given in the presence of α blockade by phentolamine. Unopposed stimulation of what specific receptor subtype is responsible for the net depressor effect?
|
β2-receptor
|
|
True or False: Phenylephrine can be considered a "pure" α-agonist, without β action.
|
True
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of propranolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of metoprolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of atenolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of betaxolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of timolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of pindolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of esmolol?
|
β-Blockade
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of labetalol?
|
β-Blockade, and alpha
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers can be used to treat hypertension.
|
True; β-blockers reduce cardiac output and renin secretion
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers can be used to treat angina pectoris.
|
True; β-blockers reduce oxygen consumption by the heart
|
|
True or False: Previous myocardial infarction is an indication for the use of β-blockers.
|
True; β-blockers reduce mortality after MI
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers can be used to treat supraventricular tachycardia.
|
True ; specifically propanolol and esmolol
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers can be used to treat congestive heart failure.
|
True; β-blockers slow the progression of chronic heart failure
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers can be used to treat glaucoma.
|
True; specifically esmolol
|
|
What two β-blockers are frequently used to treat supraventricular tachycardia?
|
Propranolol, esmolol
|
|
What β-blocker is frequently used to treat glaucoma?
|
Timolol
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers are effective for the treatment of hypertension because they lower cardiac output.
|
True
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers are effective for the treatment of hypertension because they increase renin secretion.
|
False; β-blockers decrease renin secretion
|
|
How do β-blockers work in the setting of angina pectoris?
|
Decrease heart rate and contractility, decrease oxygen consumption
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers are effective for the treatment of angina pectoris because they reduce oxygen consumption.
|
True
|
|
True or False: The use of β-blockers in the setting of a myocardial infarction decreases mortality.
|
True
|
|
How do β-blockers help in the setting of supraventricular tachycardia?
|
Decrease AV conduction velocity
|
|
To which class of antiarrhythmics do β-blockers belong?
|
Class II
|
|
True or False: The use of β-blockers slows the progression of congestive heart failure to chronic heart failure.
|
True
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers are effective for the treatment of glaucoma because they reduce the secretion of aqueous humor.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Impotence is a side effect of β-blockers.
|
True
|
|
True or False: β-Blockers can be used to treat asthma.
|
False; some β-blockers can exacerbate asthma
|
|
True or False: Tachycardia may be an adverse effect of β-blockers.
|
False; bradycardia may be an adverse effect of β-blockers
|
|
True or False: Atrioventricular block may be an adverse effect of β-blockers.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Congestive heart failure may be an adverse effect of β-blocker toxicity.
|
True; β-blockers reduce cardiac output
|
|
True or False: Sedation may be an adverse effect of β-blockers on the CNS
|
True
|
|
True or False: Sleep alteration may be an adverse effect of β-blockers on the CNS
|
True
|
|
Why should β-blockers be used with caution in diabetic patients?
|
β-Blockers should be used with caution in diabetic patients because they can block initial warning signs of hypoglycemia such as increased heart rate and diaphoresis
|
|
Is propranolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
Is timolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
Is nadolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
Is pindolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
Is labetalol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
Nonselective
|
|
Name five nonselective β-blockers.
|
Propanolol, timolol, nadolol, pindolol, and labetalol
|
|
Is acebutolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
β1-Selective
|
|
Is betaxolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
β1-Selective
|
|
Is esmolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
β1-Selective
|
|
Is atenolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
β1-Selective
|
|
Is metoprolol a β1-selective, β2-selective, or nonselective β-blocker?
|
β1-Selective
|
|
Name five β1-selective antagonists.
|
Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol; (A BEAM of β1-blockers)
|
|
True or False: Pindolol is a β-blocker with partial agonist activity.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Labetalol is a β-blocker with partial agonist activity.
|
False; labetalol is a non-selective α- and β-antagonist
|
|
True or False: Acebutolol is a β-blocker with partial agonist activity.
|
True
|
|
True or False: Nadolol is a β-blocker with partial agonist activity.
|
False; nadolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist
|
|
True or False: Atenolol is a β-blocker with partial agonist activity.
|
False; atenolol is a β1-selective antagonist
|
|
Which β-blocker is the shortest acting?
|
Esmolol
|
|
What β-blockers have partial agonist activity?
|
Pindolol, Acebutolol (Partial Agonist)
|
|
What are two nonselective α and β antagonists?
|
Carvedilol, labetalol
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of acebutalol?
|
β-Blockade
|