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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The mesocortical tract projects from the VTA to what locations? What does this tract do?
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1. Prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex
2. Concious aspects of using drugs and drug effects |
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The mesolimbic tract projects from the VTA to what locations? What does this tract do?
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1. NA, amygdala and hippocampus
2. Reinforces the drug use and is involved in momory of the drug experience |
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The volume of distribution of alcohol is basically equal to what?
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Total body water
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What drug blocks the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase?
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Disulfiram (Antabuse)
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What receptor does alcohol activate? What receptor does alcohol deactivate? What does this result in?
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1. Acivates inhibitory GABA receptors in the VTA
2. Deactivates excitatory Glutamate receptors in the VTA 3. A very quiet brain |
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Wernicke's Encephalopathy is caused by a decrease in what?
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Thiamin usually due to alcoholism
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The administration of what substance can essential kill off the remaining thiamin in a thiamin deficient patient?
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Glucose
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What is the gold standard in alcohol detoxification?
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Benzodiazepine
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What causes delirium tremens (DTs)?
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The fact that coming off the alcohol causes the once very quiet brain to become over-excited.
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What is an example of a drug that you use to keep the brain quiet during detox? This drug also self tapers as you decrease the dosage.
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Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
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What is an example of an alcohol detox drug with a short half-life used in people with liver problems? What is an even shorter acting drug?
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1. Lorazepam (Avitan)
2. Oxazepam (Serax) |
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What drug is used during alcohol detox that is given adjunctively with the benzodiazepines?
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Gabapentin (Neurontin)
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Patients in alcohol detox have low serum levels of what?
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1. Mg
2. K |
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What two drugs are used on patients with trouble sleeping during alcohol detox?
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1. Trazedone (Desyrel)
2. Quetiapine fumerate (Seroquel) |
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What is the most reliable way to check to see if someone is in withdrawl or not?
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Diastolic BP
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What other drug is often used in alcohol detox?
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Phenobarbital (barbituate)
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Why should you not use clonidine in opiate withdrawl?
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It blocks the sympathetic symptoms of opiate withdrawl.
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What is a side-effect of using disulfiram (Antabuse)?
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It inhibits the metabolism of Dilantin, Coumadin and isoniazid.
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What drug is used as an opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat opiate intoxication?
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Naloxene (Narcan)
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What anti-convulsant is used in patients that do not go through treament after alcohol detox? What other drug abuse situations can it be used in?
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1. Topiramate (Topamax)
2. Cocaine and nictotine |
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Describe 2 keto-benzodiazepine absorption and half-life. Give two examples.
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1. Rapidly absorbed and long half-life
2. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 3. Diazepam (Valium) |
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Describe 3 hydroxy-benzodiazepine absorption and half-life. Give one examples.
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1. Conjugated by glucuronide
2. Short half-life 3. Lorazepam (Ativan) |
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Describe Triazolo drugs absorption and metabolism. Give an example.
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1. Oxidized with a short half-life
2. Alprazolam (Xanax) |
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Describe 7-Nitro drugs absorption and metabolism. Give an example.
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1. Nitro reduced
2. Long half-life |
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What benzodiazepine is abused most commonly?
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Xanax
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Benzodiazepines bind to what receptors?
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GABA receptors causing and influx of Cl
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Barbituates and Benzodiazepines both open what kind of channel? How are the two drugs different?
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1. Cl
2. Barbituates open the Cl channel constitutively |
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What are two examples of barbituates that were throught to be non-addictive but ended up being adictive?
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1. Zolpidem (Ambien)
2. Carisoprodol (Soma) |
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GHB binds to what types of receptors?
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GABA-B which inhibits Nor-epi and dopamine release
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What opiate partial agonist is legal to use in opiate withdrawls?
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Buprenorphrine
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What two drugs are used in opiate reversal?
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1. Naloxone
2. Naltrexone |
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Opiates mainly use what receptor?
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Mu receptors
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In opiate overdose, what is seen?
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1. Respiratory depression
2. Decrease HR and BP 3. Pinpoint pupils 4. Coma |
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What is the main drug used to treat opioid withdrawls?
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Methadone
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What two drugs are used in rapid opioid detox?
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1. Clonidine
2. Naltrexone |
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How is ultra-radid dextox done?
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They put you under general anethesia and give you IV naloxone.
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