Petsmart

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PIT

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Powered Industrial Truck

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Center of gravity

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The point on an object at which all of the object's weight is concentrated. For symmetrical loads, the center of gravity is at the middle of the load.

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Counterweight

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The weight that is built into the PIT's basic structure and is used to offset the load's weight and to maximize the vehicle's resistance to tipping over.

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Fulcrum

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The PIT's axis of rotation when it tips over.

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Grade

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The slope (incline or decline) of a surface, which is usually measured as the number of feet of rise or fall over a hundred foot horizontal distance (the slope is expressed as a percent)

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Lateral Stability

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A PIT's resistance to overturning sideways.

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Line of action

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An imaginary vertical line through an object's center of gravity.

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load center

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the horizontal distance from the load's edge (or the fork's or other attachment's vertical face) to the line of action through the load's center of gravity

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load distribution

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How weight is distributed throughout a load. Is the load top-heavy? Is weight evenly distributed or is the load much heavier on the side furthest from the forks?

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Longitudinal Stability

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The PIT's resistance to overturning forward or rearward

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Moment

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The product of the object's weight times the distance from a fixed point (usually the fulcrum). In the case of a PIT, the distance is measured from the point at which the PIT will tip over (the front wheels' points of contact with the ground) to the object's line of action. The distance is always measured perpendicular to the line of action.

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Stability Triangle

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An imaginary triangle connecting the front two wheels and the mid-point of the rear axel.

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Track

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The distance between the wheels on the same axle of the PIT

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Factors that contribute to a vehicle's stability

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The vehicle's
*Wheelbase
*Track
*Height
*Counterweight location (if it has a counterweight)
The load's weight distribution

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Calculate the maximum load for a 4000 pound capacity forklift with a 24-inch load center.
If a load is 50 inches long (25-inch load center), then what's the maximum this load can weigh?

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4,000x24=96,000
96,000 devided by 25=3,840

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lateral stability

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is determined by the line of action's position (a vertical line that passes through the combined vehicle's and load's center of gravity) relative to the stability triangle.

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Charging the battery

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*Obtain and put on the proper PPE
*Disconnect the battery from the unit and open the battery (or compartment) cover to dissipate heat
*Make sure the vent caps are secure and functioning
*Make sure the charger is turned off
*Plug the battery into the charger and set timer

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Caution (battery charging)

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Check the fluid level after charging. Charging causes the fluid level to rise because of escaping hydrogen gas. If you add distilled water to the battery before charging, it can cause the cells to overflow, spilling acid on the batteries, chassis, and the floor.
If needed. add distilled water to the battery AFTER it's recharged to ensure the battery doesn't overflow.
If needed, neutralize battery acid with a solution of one pound of baking soda in one gallon of water.

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After Charging is Complete

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*Turn the charger off before disconnecting to avoid arcing and sparks that could cause an explosion
*Disconnect the charger from the battery
*Reconnect the battery to the forklift
*Check the fluid level after allowing the battery to remain idle.
*Replace all vent caps and wipe off the top of the batteries with a clean dry paper towel.
*Verify that the battery safety stops and retaining plates are secured before operating lift equipment.

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Requirments and Recommended Practices

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*Designate an area for the purpose of battery charging
*Make sure that the forklift is charged before using
*Recognize that the heavier the load, the more quickly the battery is drained.

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Battery Charging Area

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*No smoking
*Warning signs posted.
*Adequate fire protection
*Ample and readily available water supply for flushing and neutralizing spilled acid
*An eyewash able to provide a 15 minute flow.
*A phone or other means of communication in the event of an emergency
*Adequate ventilation to avoid the build-up of hydrogen gas during battery charging.
*Baking soda or other neutralization materials in the immediate area
*Means to protect charging apparatus from damage by PIT's.

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Potential Hazards

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*Batteries contain sulfuric acid that is highly corrosive and could be splashed on an associate servicing batteries.
*Toward the end of the battery charging process, batteries can give off highly explosive hydrogen fumes.
*Contact with battery cells can cause electrical short circuits, which can burn unprotected skin.

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Requirements and Recommended Practices

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*Always follow safety procedures. Follow the charger manufacturer's recommendations for attaching and removing cables and for proper pertain of equipment.
*Properly position PIT's and apply brakes before attempting to charge batteries.
*Charge batteries in the designated battery charging area.
*Use provided facilities for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte, for fire protection, for protecting charging apparatus from damage by PITs, and for adequate ventilation for dispersal of fumes from batteries.
*Ensure all vent caps are functioning. Open the battery (or compartment) covers to dissipate heat.
*Never smoke in the charging area.
*Prevent open flames, sparks, or electric arcs in battery charging areas.
*Never allow metal objects like jewelry belt buckles to touch any of the charging cords or the battery. Keep tools and other metallic objects away from the top of uncovered batteries.
*Wear personal protective equipment (face shield, safety goggles, neoprene or rubber gloves and apron).
*Use eye wash and/or running water to flush eyes and body in case of emergency.
*Unplug and turn off the charger before connecting or disconnecting the clamp connections.
*Line up the clip on the charging cords appropriately and insert smoothly. Do not force it.
*Turn off the charger if the battery becomes hot or the electrolyte fluid comes out of the vents. Restart charging at a lower charging rate.
*Check water level after charging. Do not add water before recharging. Add distilled water or deionized water after charging if water level is below level indicator.
*Check the indicator on the hour meter to see that the battery is fully charged.

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Battery Maintenance

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*Do not keep a battery in service merely because it continues to deliver power.
*Avoid using batteries beyond the manufacturer's discharge level. This can result in permanent battery damage and shorten battery life considerably.
*Do not exceed the service hours in the manufacturer's recommendations.
*Do not over- or undercharge batteries.
*Warning signs of a low battery include slow starting, dim headlights, and the ammeter indication discharge at high RPM.

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Sulfuric Acid Splash

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Battery acid id dilute sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a clear, colorless liquid with an acrid (stinging or caustic) smell. It is corrosive and can cause severe burns.

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Potential Hazards

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*Acid splash, especially to the eyes.
*Acid spill.
*Corrosive burns.

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Requirements and Recommended Practice

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Wear personal protective equipment
*Wear provided chemical splash goggles or full face shield with safety glasses equipped with side shields.
*Wear acid-proof gloves made of rubber or neoprene.
*Wear acid-resistant clothing or rubber or neoprene apron.
*Wear acid-resistant safety shoes or boots in Canadian locations.

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Sulfuric Acid Spill (in the event of battery breakage)

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Contact 3E using the number on the #E sign and on stickers on each phone for clean-up and disposal instructions.

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