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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Does natural selection select based on phenotypes or genotypes? |
Phenoytypes |
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What are Tinbergen's four questions? |
1. Control - how does it work? 2. Ontogeny - how did it develop? 3. Function - what is it for? 4. Evolution - how did it evolve? |
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How big are fully grown female and male fiddler crab's claws? |
8% of body weight (female) 38% of body weight (males) |
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How often to Fiddler Crabs Breed? |
Every 14 days in Summer Months |
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Function of claw waving in the fiddler crabs |
Defense of burrow against male rivals Species recognition Mate attraction |
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List the controls of behaviours |
1. Simple (Reflexes, Kinesis, Taxis) 2. Neural Control 3. Hormonal Control 4. Diurnal & Tidal Control 5. Social Control |
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Innate behaviors are |
Instinctive behaviors |
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The fosB gene affects what in mice? |
Maternal behaviour |
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What does a geneticist do |
Describes variation and determines it's cause. |
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Types of Variation include |
Continuous; several minor genes, analyse by statistical or molecular methods, have to consider environmental factors. Discontinuous; one or a few major genes, analyse by segregation analysis, may be able to ignore environment |
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What are quantitative characters |
Attributes that vary continuously. Any features in life that can vary between individuals |
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List some quantitative characters |
Birth weight in man Height in man Milk prod. in diary cattle Egg laying in chickens Yield of grain in cereal crops |
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What is polygenic inheritence? |
When two or more genes affect and control one particular characteristic |
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What is independent assortment? |
Genes that assort independently affect only one characteristic and do not affect others. |
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Why does red hair and freckles often appear together? |
Both genes appear close to one another on the same chromosome, so therefor they travel together and cannot be split apart during crossing over. |
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Why are females less likely to be colour blind? |
Because females have a second X chromosome which can negative mutations on the other X chromosome, whereas males only have one X chromosome and therefor more likely to contract the mutation. X o X X XoX (female car.) XX (female) Y XoY (male carrier) XY (male) Male = 1/10 chance Female = 1/10 x 1/10 = 1/100 chance |
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Why is nonnuclear inheritance used to trace evolutionary history? |
Because it resides inside of mitochondria instead of nuclei, and mitochondria is passed down generations by the mother's egg (passed down maternally) so it does not crossover. |
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In a cross between an AABbCc X AaBBCC what is the chance of getting a AaBbCc offspring? |
1/8 |
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What is a polygene? |
Mini genes that combine together to form one phenotype, or combine another way to form another phenotype. |
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Genetic drift is strongest when... |
The population is small |