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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functional language
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what words do
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Weaver's grammatical categories
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simple sentences = simple perception of the world
compound sentences = set things either in balance or opposition, perception of world in terms of similarities or opposites complex sentences = not all parts can stand alone, several causes and effects, some parts more important than others adjectives = make the noun special |
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Semantic language
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what words mean
different things to different people maps (perceptions) v territories (realities) |
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strategic ambiguity
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words that can be interpreted in different, often contradictory ways
combining words or phrases in startling ways or presenting issues in new light examining connotations and denotations |
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thematic language
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how words feel
alliteration = repeating consonants assonance = repeating vowels onomatopeia metaphors sensory language "god", "devil" and charismatic terms |
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four elements of signification
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object/condition that exists
signs available to represent set of choices set or rules used to decode |
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Burke's identification
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linguistic sharing of substances, the essence of oneself
sharing of essential beliefs, values, experiences, attitudes |
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Types of evidence
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direct experience
dramatic or vicarious narratives anecdotes testimony demonstration participation logic statistics |
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cognitive dissonance in persuasion
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causing an imbalance between current beliefs and desired beliefs in order to get persuadees to change their stance
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Types of reasoning
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cause to effect - most common
effect to cause - finding causes of food poisoning from symptoms - identify series of signs and draw conclusions criteria to application - a,b and c are the criteria for a product or cause, X is the product/cause that will meet the criteria comparison or analogy figurative analogy deductive reasoning - general to specific inductive reasoning - specific to general |
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Cultural myths
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wisdom of the rustic
possibility of success coming of a messiah conspiracy theory value of challenge eternal return "man's man" and "woman's woman" Jeremiad - inherent struggle REICH'S mob at the gates triumphant individual benevolant community rot at the top |
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American value system
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puritan and pioneer morality
value of individual achievement and success change and progress ethical equality effort and optimism efficiency, practicality and pragmatism |
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nonverbal channels
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appeals to attractiveness, similarity, intimacy, trust
dominance and power displays expectancy signaling and violations appearance kinesics proxemics chronemics artifactual communication facial expression eye behavior vocal factors haptics (tactile communication) gestures |
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proxemics (space)
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public space - 15-25 feet or more
social/formal space - 7-12 feet personal/informal - 3 1/2-4 feet intimate - 6-18 inches |
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kinesics (body language)
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posture - open/closed, erect and relaxed/tense or slouched
gestures - positive/negative/neutral evalutations, emblems head movement - nodding, shaking, tilting, thrust jaw, etc eye contact |
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Deceptive claims
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Irrelevant claim - manmade, all natural, fat free, low carb
Advantage - less or more Hazy - I'm for/against X Question - Why not the original? Magic ingredient |