Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What concepts or theories are Carl Jung associated with?
What School of thought did he associate with? |
Analytic Psychology
Personality= Ego, Personal unconscious, Collective unconscious Archetypes: 4 functions of the mind: Extroversion V. Introversion |
|
|
What School of thought did Adler associate with?
What concepts or theories are Adler associated with? |
Individual Psychology
Concepts Striving for superiority Inferiority Complex Superiority complex Aggression Drive |
|
|
What concepts or theories are Horney associated with?
|
Basic Anxiety
Three styles of coping: Passsive, Aggressive,Withdrawn Real self, Despised self, ideal self Neurotic coping strategies: Moving toward, moving against, moving away |
|
|
what concepts was Erikson associated with?
|
8 Stages Of Psychosocial Development
trust V. Mistrust autonomy v. shame & boudt initiative v.Guilt industry v. inferiority identity v. role confusion intimacy v . isolation generativity v. stagnation |
|
|
What concepts are associated with Evolutionary Psychology?
|
Natural Selection
Heritability temperament |
|
|
What is Natural Selection?
|
natural selection has led to the development of certain identifiable, genetically-based characteristics that affect personality and social behavior.
Natural selection: Some characteristics lead to increased reproductive success of the organism. Hence, greater probability of survival of the species. Over successive generations, more adaptive characteristics are favored. Less adaptive characteristics are weeded-out. Based on the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin. |
|
|
What is Heritability?
|
a measure of the proportion of variability of a trait, within a population, that is associated with genetic variability.
Typically estimated from studies of twins and family studies. Most personality traits have substantial heritable components. On average, about h = 0.50 for most traits. That also suggests about 50% of variability in most traits is not heritable (i.e., due to other factors). Learning. Environment. |
|
|
What is Temperament? What are the 4 dimensions
|
a measure of the proportion of variability of a trait, within a population, that is associated with genetic variability.
Typically estimated from studies of twins and family studies. Most personality traits have substantial heritable components. Four basic dimensions of temperament. Activity: active and in motion vs. passive. Emotionality: easily aroused to anger, fear, or other emotions vs. more emotionally calm. Sociability: tendency to approach and enjoy others vs. being withdrawn. Aggression/Impulsivity: aggressive & cold vs. conscientious & friendly. |
|
|
what is Eysenck's CNS Model of ?
|
Introversion-Extraversion:
Introverts: quiet, reserved, thoughtful. Extraverts: active, sociable, outgoing. Most people are somewhere in-between. Combines elements of activity & sociability. 1960s: Hans Eysenck proposed that CNS differences account for introversion-extraversion. Introverts: Have greater CNS arousal. Hence, they seek less stimulation. Extraverts: Have less CNS arousal. Hence, they seek more stimulation. |
|
|
Introverts are ___in CNS arousal
While Extroverts are ____in CNS Arousal |
Introverts: Have greater CNS arousal. Hence, they seek less stimulation.
Extraverts: Have less CNS arousal. Hence, they seek more stimulation. |
|
|
Who is Associated with Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory?
|
Jeffrey Gray (80s & 90s)
|
|
|
Extroverts show _____ arousal on measures of electrodermal activity.
Electrical activity on surface of skin. Extroverts show____ CNS arousal on electroencephalograph (EEG). Introverts ____ to habituate to (get used to) sensory stimuli (e.g., loud noises). More easily _____ by intense stimuli. |
Extroverts show less arousal on measures of electrodermal activity.
Electrical activity on surface of skin. Extroverts show less CNS arousal on electroencephalograph (EEG). Introverts slower to habituate to (get used to) sensory stimuli (e.g., loud noises). More easily bothered by intense stimuli. |
|
|
What are Jeffrey Gray (80s & 90s): Two bio-learning systems?
|
Behavioral Activation System (BAS):
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS): |
|
|
What is the (BAS) & (BIS)?
What are there differences? What are the neurotransmitters associated with? |
Behavioral Activation System (BAS):
Regulates person’s response to rewards & pleasurable stimuli. Overactive BAS: Impulsive, reward-seeking, sensation-seeking. More prone to drug addiction & overeating. Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS): Orients person to novel situations. Responds to things that are punishing or aversive. Overactive BIS: Anxious, alert, worrying. Conceptualization: Impulsive ppl more motivated by reward. Anxious ppl more motivated by unknown or Neurotransmitter: Dopamine (BAS) Norepinephrine (BIS) |
|
|
What concepts/ Theories are assoiciated with C.R. Cloninger (1980s).?
|
Cloninger’s Tridimensional Model
Three biologically-based personality traits. Novelty seeking, Harm avoidance, Reward dependence Each related to functioning of a specific neurotransmitter (NT) in the central nervous system (CNS). |
|
|
What is Novelty seeking?
|
Novelty seeking:
Inversely related to dopamine. Related to the Behavioral Activation System (BAS). Related to tendencies to: Become excited in response to novel stimuli. Explore one’s environment. Trying new things for thrill or excitement. Higher among substance abusers. |
|
|
What is Harm Avoidance?
|
Harm avoidance:
Positively related to serotonin. Related to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). I nfluenced by aversive stimuli and signals of punishment. Tendency to worry and feel tense. Low HA is related to impulsivity & aggression. |
|
|
What is Reward dependence?
|
Reward dependence:
Inversely related to norepinephrine. Behavioral maintenance system. Tendency to continue behavior that produces reward. Tendency to be persistent or hard-working. |
|
|
Who Was Pavlov What concepts Was he associated with?
What experiments? |
Ivan Pavlov.
1890s. Russian physiologist. S tudied digestive responses of dogs. Developed the classical conditioning model of learning theory. aka., respondent conditioning. |
|
|
Respondent Conditioning is A.K.A.....
|
Classical Conditioning
|
|
|
Who is Associated with Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory?
|
Jeffrey Gray (80s & 90s)
|
|
|
Extroverts show _____ arousal on measures of electrodermal activity.
Electrical activity on surface of skin. Extroverts show____ CNS arousal on electroencephalograph (EEG). Introverts ____ to habituate to (get used to) sensory stimuli (e.g., loud noises). More easily _____ by intense stimuli. |
Extroverts show less arousal on measures of electrodermal activity.
Electrical activity on surface of skin. Extroverts show less CNS arousal on electroencephalograph (EEG). Introverts slower to habituate to (get used to) sensory stimuli (e.g., loud noises). More easily bothered by intense stimuli. |
|
|
What are Jeffrey Gray (80s & 90s): Two bio-learning systems?
|
Behavioral Activation System (BAS):
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS): |
|
|
What is the (BAS) & (BIS)?
What are there differences? What are the neurotransmitters associated with? |
Behavioral Activation System (BAS):
Regulates person’s response to rewards & pleasurable stimuli. Overactive BAS: Impulsive, reward-seeking, sensation-seeking. More prone to drug addiction & overeating. Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS): Orients person to novel situations. Responds to things that are punishing or aversive. Overactive BIS: Anxious, alert, worrying. Conceptualization: Impulsive ppl more motivated by reward. Anxious ppl more motivated by unknown or Neurotransmitter: Dopamine (BAS) Norepinephrine (BIS) |
|
|
What concepts/ Theories are assoiciated with C.R. Cloninger (1980s).?
|
Cloninger’s Tridimensional Model
Three biologically-based personality traits. Novelty seeking, Harm avoidance, Reward dependence Each related to functioning of a specific neurotransmitter (NT) in the central nervous system (CNS). |
|
|
What is Novelty seeking?
|
Novelty seeking:
Inversely related to dopamine. Related to the Behavioral Activation System (BAS). Related to tendencies to: Become excited in response to novel stimuli. Explore one’s environment. Trying new things for thrill or excitement. Higher among substance abusers. |
|
|
What is Harm Avoidance?
|
Harm avoidance:
Positively related to serotonin. Related to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). I nfluenced by aversive stimuli and signals of punishment. Tendency to worry and feel tense. Low HA is related to impulsivity & aggression. |
|
|
What is Reward dependence?
|
Reward dependence:
Inversely related to norepinephrine. Behavioral maintenance system. Tendency to continue behavior that produces reward. Tendency to be persistent or hard-working. |
|
|
Who Was Pavlov What concepts Was he associated with?
What experiments? |
Ivan Pavlov.
1890s. Russian physiologist. S tudied digestive responses of dogs. Developed the classical conditioning model of learning theory. aka., respondent conditioning. |
|
|
Respondent Conditioning is A.K.A.....
|
Classical Conditioning
|
