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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is personality psychology? what are its main goals? how does it differ from other branches of psychology?
a
what is a scientific theory? how are they developed and evaluated?
a
somewhere along the line in the evolution of humans, people developed religion as an adaptation. using your knowedge of EEA, and the cognitive nich, discuss how the rules of religions helped solve the eight classes of reproductive problems listed by Buss.
a
explain the two great problems that Hogan says each person must solve. Explain how socioanalytic theory understands the way evolution has shaped the human mind.
2 problems are getting along and getting ahead. both are addressed and solved in the context of ritualized social interaction. everyone plays roles in life and the most successful are the ones who know when to play what role at what time. our ways of displaying ourselves to our parents is called character structure. the characteristic ways in which we display ourselves to this larger audience is called role structure. evolution has shaped the human mind to adapt to group life in the EEA. human nature owes its defining properties to the hundreds of thousands of years wherein your ancestors lived as such. we first learn how to get along and get ahead in the family before spreading to bigger audiences. designed to apprehend social life on at least 2 levels: personal character and social role.
according to your text, is human nature inherently aggressive or altruistic (or both) as a result of evolutionary mechanisms? explain your answer, and cite research or any evidence that you think is relevant
human nature is inherently aggressive. this can be seen in males specifically due to intrasexual competition, in which males must compete for female mating partners. the semai people. we have also evolved to be altruistic b/c we live in groups. aggression would rip a society apart without altruism. man on train tracks. kin selection - parent sacrifices needs for children, promotes survival of species.
explain how attachments behaviors may be part of human nature. adult attachment styles are apparently related to romantic relationships. explain how and why as you discuss these findings.
begins at birth. babies are attached to their caregivers by the time they are one. humans are social creatures and respond to the attention. secure attachment at 12 months of age predicted social competence in the elementary school years, as determined by teacher ratings. social competence, in turn, predicted having secure relationships with close friends at age 16, which in turn predicted more positive daily emotional experiences and fewer conflicts in you-adult romantic relationships.
Mischel says that we bring our unique past learning experiences to each situation in the form of cognitive/social learning/person variables. explain each of these and give an example of each
1) competencies - what you know how to do (empathy)
2)encoding strategies - the way you interpret a situation
3)expectancies - what do you expect will happen?
4)values - what is important to you?
5)self regulation - how much control do you have over yourself?
individuals differ in self efficacy. explain what this is and why it is important citing research on the concept.
self efficacy is a person's belief that he or she can successfully carry out "courses of action required to deal with prospective situations containing many ambiguous, unpredictable, and often stressful elements." the reason it is important is because your level of self-efficacy can determine whether we undertake particular goal-directed activities, the amount of effort we put into them, and the length of time we persist in striving for goals in particular situations. pregnant ladies handling pain. high efficacy showed better pain management.

4 sources of self-efficacy

1)performance accomplishments - gain confidence from your experiences
2)vicarious experience - gain confidence from seeing other people perform tasks
3)verbal persuasion - being told you are capable of things or not capable of things
4)emotional arousal - nerves can affect efficacy
behavior is always situated in more than one context at a time. what does this mean? discuss the social ecology of human behavior using gender as an example
a
some cultures are characterized as individuals and others are collectivist. is the u.s. culture individualist, or collectivist, or both? explain these concepts with examples and defend your answer
a