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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Many-trait approach
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The research strategy that focuses on a particular behavior and investigates its correlates with as many different personality traits as possible in order to explain the basis of the behavior and to illuminate the workings of personality.
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Single-trait approach
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The research strategy that focuses on one particular trait of interest, learning as much as possible about its behavioral correlates, developmental aspects, and life consequences.
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Essential-trait approach
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The research strategy that attempts to narrow the list of thousands of trait terms into a shorter list of the ones that really matter.
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Typological-trait approach
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The research strategy that focuses on identifying types of individuals. Each type is characterized by a particular pattern of traits.
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California Q-sort
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A set of 100 descriptive items that comprehensively covers the personality domain.
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Ego Control
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In Jack Block's personality theory, the psychological tendency to inhibit the behavioral expression of motivation and emotional impulse. At the extremes people may be either undercontrolled or overcontrolled.
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Ego Resiliency
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In Jack Block's personality theory, the ability to vary one's level of ego control in order to respond appropriately to opportunities and situational circumstances.
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Acquiescence response set
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In personality testing, the tendency to respond "true" regardless of the content of the item.
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Delay of gratification
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Setting aside one desirable reward to obtain a larger reward in the future.
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Authoritarianism
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A personality trait characterized by turning one's will over to an external authority, such as a government or church, and taking the comforting attitude that one is "just following orders"; the subject also tends to give orders and expects unquestioned obedience.
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California F scale
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Aimed to measure the basic anti-democratic psychological orientation believed to be the common foundation of anti-Semitism, racial prejudice, and political pseudoconservatism.
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Marker variable
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A behavior that is a direct marker of a personality trait (e.g., conscientiousness correlates with years of education even though it is not correlated with IQ).
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Self-monitoring
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Differences between people who exhibit the tendency to alter behavior to match the demands of a social situation.
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High self-monitors
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Individuals who survey every situation looking for cues as to the appropriate way to act, and then adjust their behavior accordingly.
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Low self-monitors
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Individuals who tend to be more consistent regardless of the situation, because their behavior is guided more by their inner personality.
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Over-controlled (ego over-control)
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Constantly suppressing needs, wants, and impulses.
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Under-controlled (ego under-control)
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Immediately giving in to whims, needs, wants, and impulses.
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Orthogonal
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Uncorrelated factors; getting a high or low score on any one trait (e.g., Big Five) does not determine whether a person will get a high or low score on any of the others.
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Ego-resilients
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In Block's typology, ego-resilients are well adjusted and interpersonally effective.
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Vulnerable-overcontrollers
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In Block's typology, these individuals are rigid, uptight, and maladjusted.
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Belated Adjusters
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In Block's typology, these individuals were maladjusted during childhood but function effectively in adulthood.
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Anomic Extraverts
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In Block's typology, these individuals were well adjusted in childhood but are maladjusted in adulthood.
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Rank order stability
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The stability of individual differences over time and across situations. (On any personality trait, an individual's relative standing, compared to his/her peers is consistent.)
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