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8 Cards in this Set

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Why is the research on the genetic basis ofpersonality so controversial?

1. Genetics ofhomosexuality - limited research


2. Genetics provingthe heritability of habits such as cheating which could pose many problems evenfor legal system


3. Many people worry that findings from behavioral genetics will be used (ormisused) to support particular political agendas.


4. Eugenics causeconcern that findings from genetic studies may be used to support programsintended to prevent some individuals from reproducing.

Whatdoes heritability mean?

Heritability is a termused to measure how much of the variability of data is due to genetics.

Howis Heritability misunderstood?

1. Heritability cannot be applied to a single individual


2. Heritability can changewith environment, meaning that it is not constant


3. Heritability is not an absolutely precisestatistic, rather it is more of an estimate

Whatis a heritability estimate?

Heritability estimates tell us what proportion of variation is due togenes versus the environment.

Whatare the methods used to study behavioral genetics? Be able to describe each andthe assumptions made?*

1. Selective Breeding


2. Family Studies


3. Twin Studies


4. Adoption Studies

DescribeJudith Harris’ position on the relative contributions of the shared andunshared environments.

Judith Harris's nurtureassumption challenges the idea that personality is determined by parentalinfluence, saying that peers have a stronger influence than we realize.




Nurture is not the same as environment.

Howmight situational selection be related to these environmental influences?

Situational selection is the tendency to choose the situations inwhich one finds oneself. This is related to the non-shared environment in theway that we consciously choose the peers that we want to associate with as weare growing up.

Whatare the various ways that genes and the environment relate to each other?*

1. Passive Correlation occurswhen parents provide both genes and the environment to children, yet thechildren do nothing to obtain that environment.


2. Reactive Correlation occurs whenparents respond to children differently, depending on the child’s genotypes.


3. Active Correlation occurs when aperson with a particular genotype creates or seeks out a particular environment.