Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genome
|
Genes an organism possesses
|
|
Genetic junk
|
Parts that have no purpose
|
|
Eugenics
|
Theory that we can design the future of the human species by fostering the reproduction of persons with certain traits and by discouraging the reproduction of persons without those traits.
|
|
Percentages of variance
|
Differences in individuals |
|
Heritability
|
Genes that are inherited |
|
Phenotypic Variance
|
Differences in individual's height, weight, and personality
|
|
Genotypic Variance
|
Differences in individual's genes
|
|
Nature-Nurture Debate
|
Is personality affected more by the environment or their genes?
|
|
Selective Breeding
|
Breeding certain types of dogs for certain reasons
|
|
Family Studies
|
Studying how personality traits relate or differ in family members |
|
Twin Studies
|
Study of identical and fraternal twins
|
|
Monozygotic Twins (MZ)
|
Identical twins
|
|
Dizygotic Twins (DZ)
|
Fraternal Twins
|
|
Equal Environments Assumption
|
Identical and Fraternal Twins have the same environment
|
|
Adoption Studies
|
Study of adoptive children
|
|
Selective Placement
|
Adopted children are placed with parents that are very similar to their birth parents
|
|
Shared and Non-shared Environmental Influences
|
Shared- Tv, Living Room, etc Non-shared- Experiences, Memories |
|
Genotype-environment interaction
|
Different genotype, same environment
|
|
Genotype-environment correlation
|
Different genotype, different environment
|
|
Passive genotype- environment correlation
|
Parents pass on their genes and environment to their kids
|
|
Reactive genotype-environment correlation
|
Parents act a certain way depending on their child's genotype
|
|
Active-genotype-environment correlation
|
People go live in the environment that fits their genotype
|
|
Molecular genetics
|
Certain genes associated with personality traits
|
|
DRD4 gene
|
Dopamine
|
|
Physiological Systems
|
Nervous System, Cardiac System, Musculoskeletal System
|
|
Theoretical Bridge
|
Bridge between personality and the physiological variables which helps explain personality
|
|
Electrodes
|
Sensors placed on the surface of the participant's skin
|
|
Telemetry
|
Newer version of electrodes that go from the participant to the polygraph through the radio by waves and not by wires
|
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
Fight or Flight System
|
|
Electrodermal Activity (Skin Conductance)
|
The study of the sympathetic nervous system
|
|
Cardiac Reactivity
|
Heart beating fast; Blood pressure rising
|
|
Type A personality
|
Impulsive; Have more heart attacks
|
|
Ascending Reticular Activating System
|
Introverts have higher brain activity than Extroverts
|
|
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
|
Theory by Jeffrey Gray
|
|
Behavioral Activation System (BAS)
|
Rewarding kids
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
|
Punishing kids (consequences for their actions)
|
|
Optimal level of arousal
|
Eyseneck's theory that everyone wants to reach a certain level of arousal
|
|
Comorbidity
|
Individual that has 2 or more disorders
|
|
Neurotransmitters
|
Transmission of a nerve impulse from cell to cell
|
|
Monoamine Oxide
|
Helps keep Neurotransmitters balanced
|
|
Dopamine
|
Makes you feel good
|
|
Serotonin
|
Makes you feel depressed
|
|
Norepinephrine
|
Involves fight or flight system
|
|
Tridimensional Personality Model
|
3 personality traits attached to 3 neurotransmitters
|
|
Novelty Seeking
|
Dopamine
|
|
Harm Avoidance
|
Serotonin
|
|
Reward Dependence
|
Norepinephrine
|
|
Morningness-Eveningness
|
Morning person or Night person
|
|
Circadian Rhythms
|
Your internal clock
|
|
Free running
|
No time cues to influence your behavior or biology
|
|
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
|
Measure of brain waves
|
|
Alpha Waves
|
Oscillates at 8 to 12 times a second
|
|
Cortisol
|
Stress Hormone
|
|
Natural Selection
|
Adaptations are created and change over time
|
|
Hostile forces of nature
|
Diseases, Weather, Low food suuply
|
|
Sexual Selection
|
The evolution of characteristics because of their mating benefits
|
|
Intrasexual Selection
|
Selection of mate due to their physical looks
|
|
Intersexual Selection
|
Selection of mate due to their particular qualities and preferences
|
|
Genes
|
Packets of DNA
|
|
Differential Gene Reproduction
|
Genes are passed down from generation to generation
|
|
Inclusive Fitness Theory
|
Characteristics that facilitate reproduction need not affect the personal production of offspring |
|
Adaptive Problem
|
Anything that gets in the way of reproduction or survival
|
|
Xenophobia
|
Fear of Strangers
|
|
Byproducts of adaptions
|
Self Explanatory
|
|
Evolutionary byproducts
|
Self Explanatory
|
|
Domain Specific
|
Solve adaptive problems
|
|
Functionality
|
We all have a desire to accomplish particular adaptive goals
|
|
Deductive Reasoning Approach
|
"Top Down"; Theory
|
|
Inductive Reasoning Approach
|
"Bottoms Up"; Data
|
|
Evolutionary-predicted sex differences
|
Sexes will differ in precisely those domains where women and men have faced different sorts of adaptive problems
|
|
Effective Polygyny
|
Men either have multiple children or none
|
|
Sexually Dimorphic
|
Very different in size and shape
|
|
Reactively Heritable
|
Secondary Consequence of heritable body build
|
|
Frequency-Dependent Selection
|
If one sex becomes rare, evolution will increase it
|
|
Restricted Sexual Strategy
|
Relationship is long-term; emotional connection
|
|
Unrestricted Sexual Strategy
|
Relationship just about sex
|
|
Psychopathy
|
Cluster of personality traits
|
|
Balancing Selection
|
Everything is balanced
|