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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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There are no perfect indicators of personality; there are only clues, and clues are always ambiguous.
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Funder's Second Law
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Something beats nothing, 2 times out of 3.
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Funder's Third Law
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Self-judgments; asking someone for their own evaluation of their own personality.(most common basis for personality assessment)
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S Data
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Intended to measure what they seem to measure, taken at face value.
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Face Validity
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People work hard to bring others to treat them in a manner that confirms their self-conception.
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Self-verification
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"Informant"; ask aquaintances for evaluations; judgments by knowledgeable informants about general attributes of the individual's peraonlity, such as traits.
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I Data
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Derived from somebody observing somebody else in whatever contexts they happen to have encountered them and then rendering a general opinion on the basis of such observation.
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Judgments
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People become what others expect them to be.
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Expectancy Effect (behavioral confirmation)
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Verifiable, concrete, real-life outcomes that may hold psychological significance;"life";see how the person is fairing in life.
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L Data
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"Behavior"; observed in context to the person's real life, or lab setting.
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B Data
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Most widely used personality test.
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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In the TAT, participant is shown a pic of some people doing something; in the R test, participant is shown a symmetrical print made from a blob of ink.
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Projective Test (Rorschach Test)
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There are only two kinds of data (terrible data & no data)
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Funder's 4th Law
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Large amount of info; access to thoughts, feelings & intentions; definitional truth; causal force (self-verification); simple and easy.
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Advantages of S-data
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Maybe they won't tell you; maybe they can't tell you; too simple & too easy; (used too much).
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Disadvantages of S-data
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Limited behavioral info; lack of access to private experience; error; bias.
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Disadvantages of I-data
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Range of contextsl appearance of objectivity (observer takes own notes).
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Advantage of B-data
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Uncertain interpretation (ambiguous).
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Disadvantage of B-data
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