Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Do parents' personality correlate with offspring? |
Yes, but weak as you only share half genes with one parent .15 ish. |
|
|
What about for twins? |
Personality correlations much stronger E .51 N .46 reared together E. 38 N. 38 reared apart |
|
|
What are the estimates of heritability on IQ in different countries? |
H in Norway (socialist, less variability of environments so more room to make generalisaions o genetics L in US (large gap between rich and poor, so there are more accounts of environment playing a role in intelligence) |
|
|
What is the difference between 'shared' and 'unshared' influcences of environment? (This is respect to heritability and is not intuitive) |
‘shared'e.g., parental education, class,ethnicity, diet ‘non-shared’ environment eg., illnesses, friends,differential treatment by parents *most of your environment is "non-shared" |
|
|
Do shared or non-shared environmental factors affect your personality the most? |
Non-shared. |
|
|
Which 3 of the Big Five have shared enviroment as a component? |
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness |
|
|
Did Caspi et al., 2003 find there is a gene for personality? |
no. There is a gene for how well you cope/suseptible to life stressors |
|
|
What was Eysenck's brain functioning theory on Extraversion? |
nExtraversion& low brain arousalnLeadsto desire for stimulation (e.g., novelty, excitement) |
|
|
What was Eysenck's brain functioning theory on Neuroticism? |
nNeuroticism & limbic systemreactivitynLeadsto greater autonomic NS arousal to threat & stress So a Lower threshold for automatic stress arousal |
|
|
What was Gray's theory of personality, that weren't E and N, but similar? |
Impulsivity - more sensitive of reward Anxiety - more sensitive of punishment *these have their roots in biology and brain functioning |
|
|
Does scoring highly in a personality trait show up in brain structures? |
Yes e.g. Extraversion, bigger part of brain associated with the rewards center |
|
|
People who have higher resting levels of dopamine in the brain will score higher on which personality trait? |
Extraversion |
|
|
People who have low threshold of norepinephrine the brain will score higher on which personality trait? |
Neuroticism |
|
|
What about Constraint & serotonin levels? |
Conscientiousness |
|
|
What does the 2D:4D ratio predict? (this is contentious) |
More agreesion (as more testosteroneness in womb) |
|
|
What is Reductionism? |
nBelief that if something has abiological explanation then higher-level (psychological) explanations areunnecessary |
|
|
What is Determinism? |
nBelief that because something has abiological explanation it is inevitable or ‘natural’ |
|
|
What is Immutability? |
nBelief that if something has abiological explanation it can’t be altered |
|
|
What is Freud's Seduction Theory? |
Woman reported sexual abuse in childhood and this came out during trance |
|
|
Why did Freud abandon this theory? |
Too many occurrences of this reporting, so he concluded that not all his patients were abused (as in reporting memory experiences), but reporting on sexual desires (fantasies)...Contentious, as sexual abuse probably was rife in those days |
|
|
What is the Topographical model in Psychoanalytic theory? (3) |
nThe Conscious (CS) - attended to nThe Preconscious (PCS) - stuff not attended to but you can reorientate your attention to easily nThe Unconscious (UCS) - the rest of the ice-berg (consciousness repress it, repelling bad thoughts, which can manifest trhough the censor in dreams, through sick jokes which are kind of socially acceptible, or Freudian slips, or through symptoms - e.g. Macbeth washing hands, or hysteria in women) |
|
|
What is the Structural model in Psychoanalytic theory? (3) |
nId (new born - I want now) nSuperego (The parental voice in the head/ right or wrong, develops 3-6yrs) nEgo (the rational mediator between the Id and the Superego, develops 4-6yrs onwards) |
|
|
What is the Genetic model in Psychoanalytic theory? (3,but 4th - latency, 5th - XX not focused on in lecture) |
Oral Anal Phyllic |
|
|
From Freud's stages, did he come up with personality types? |
yes. e.g. Anal character - links with OCD |
|
|
What are the four main cognitive theories of Personality? |
1Perceiving (personal constructs)2Explaining (attributional style)
3nThinking (emotional intelligence)4nRepresenting (the self) |
|
|
What is the theory of Perceiving (Kelly)? |
nbipolar & categoricalE.g., warm vs cold, honest vs untrustworthy
nFocus on perception vs behaviour n‘idiographic’ focus on the person’suniqueness (Big Five fits into this) |
|
|
What tool did he devise? |
The Repertory Grid Figuring out your construct systems |
|
|
What is Attributional Style? |
Seligman's explanatory style for explaining causes Internal (personal) Stable (pervasiveness) Universal (permanent) |
|
|
T or F: Pessimism is irrational, whereas optimism is not |
F: both can be both rational or irrational |
|
|
What is EI? |
Skills that are not academic, but more social and emotional? Skills or abilities, better than thinking about it as a trait... |
|
|
What 2 Big Five traits correlate with EI? |
nCorrelates with Openness &Agreeableness
|
|
|
What is the first aspect of the self according to Haslam? (think eggs in basket) |
Self Complexity or Simplicity |
|
|
What is the seond aspect of the self according to Haslam? |
Self - Esteem |
|
|
Is Self-esteem a causal factor or a by-product of good things? |
That is the question..... There is some research supporting higher SE leads to more aggression (that is more defensive in the face of adversity) |
|
|
What is three other ways ofself-esteem? |
Stability vs 'fragility' (more highs + more lows) 2. n‘Defensive’self-esteemnHighexplicit + low implicit self-esteem 3. nNarcissism nSenseof superiority & arrogance nEntitlement nNeedfor admiration nSensitivityto criticism |
