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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychoactive drugs:
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alters experiences and consciousness, can cause intoxication
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Addiction:
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behavior or habit that has gotten out of control and it results in negative effect of one's health
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Drug addiction:
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habitual use and compulsive desire of drug- chemical changes in body
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Drug habituation:
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the routine use of drug w/o an increased need for greater dosage
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Development of addiction:
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bring pleasure to avoid pain, harmless and even beneficial if done in moderation
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Reinforcement:
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produces a pleasurable state or removes a negative one
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Compulsion or Craving:
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have to have it
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Loss of control:
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cannot block the impulse
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Escalation:
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devotes increasing resources to behavior
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Negative Consequences:
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behavior continues despite negative effects
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Substance Abuse;
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maladaptive pattern of use of any substance that persist regardless of consequences
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Substance Dependence:
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cluster of symptoms that occurs in an individual who continues to use a substance despite suffering problems
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Effects of substance dependence:
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develop tolerance, withdrawal, larger amounts, persistent desire to cut down, spending lots of time to obtain substance, give up other important activities, use even though it is a problem
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Highest risk of using drugs:
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young people, males (twice as likely), troubled families
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Opoids (narcotics)
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Representative Psychoactive drug, designed to relieve pain
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Central Nervous System Depressants:
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Alcohol, depressants, reduce anxiety, mood changes- impair muscular coordination and drowsiness
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CNS stimulants:
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speeds up activity of the nervous or muscular system- cocaine, morphine
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Marijuana:
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Most widely used illegal drug in the US
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Hallucinogens:
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alter state of consciousness, perceptions, feelings and thoughts
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Inhalants:
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Produce effects similar to anesthetic- slows down body functions
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why do people smoke?
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Addicted to the nicotine
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Nicotine is...
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most physically addictive psychoactive drugs, gets to brain through the blood stream seconds after inhaled
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Tar:
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chemical in smoke- sticky brown mass
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Smoking adversely affects the:
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brain, stomach, mouth, reproductive organs
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Effects of smoking:
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constricts blood vessels, accelerates heart rate, elevates blood pressure, depresses hunger, dulls taste buds
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Long-term effects:
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Coronary heart disease (the most widespread single cause of death for smokers), lung cancer (primary cause of lung cancer), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Mainstream smoke:
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smoke exhaled by the smoker
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Side stream smoke:
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smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe- no filter
has twice the tar and nicotine, monoxide |
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Nature of alcohol:
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depressant, Leading cause of death ages 15-24
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Absorption:
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20% in stomach
75% in upper small intestines and the rest along the GI track |
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Absorption affected by:
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carbonation (speeds up), Food in the stomach (slows down), alcohol concentration, rapidly metabolized, and will all be absorbed
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BAC
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measure of intoxication, body weight (smaller person=higher BAC), body fat (more fat=higher BAC), gender
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Chronic use effects:
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digestive system, cardiovascular system, and some cancers
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Abuse:
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recurrent use that has negative consequences
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Alcohol dependence/alcoholism
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includes more extensive problems- tolerance and withdrawal
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CAGE test:
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C- should you CUT DOWN?
A- people ANNOY or criticize G- have you felt GUILTY? E- have you had an EYE-OPENER? |
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How many essential nutrients:
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45
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Six categories of nutrients:
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Proteins
Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals Water |
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What are the energy producing nutrients?
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Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins- fuel potential
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How many calories per kilocalorie?
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1000
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How many calories per day?
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2,000
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Calories in fat>
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9 calories per gram
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Calories in Protein:
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4 calories per gram
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Calories in Carbohydrates:
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one pound=3500 calories, 4 calories per gram
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Proteins:
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Forms body muscle, bone, blood enzymes, some hormones, and cell membranes
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Building blocks of proteins are:
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Amino Acids
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Amino acids:
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nine essential, eleven nonessential
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Fats and energy:
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the most concentrated source
can be stored as useable energy- provide insulation and support for body organs |
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Triglycerides:
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animal fats
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Unsaturated:
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liquid, vegetable, nut, or fish- oils- usually better for you
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Other fats:
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Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated
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Saturated:
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solid, animal sources- meat, cheese, etc.
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Cholesterol:
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High-Density lipoprotein (HDL)-happy :)
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) Sad :( |
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Protein intake daily:
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10-35%
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Fat intake daily;
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20-35%
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Carbohydrates:
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supply energy to brain, blood, and provides fuel for exercise- fuel that our body prefers- if don't get enough, body breaks it down from protein.
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Simple carbohydrates:
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fruit, sugar, honey, malt, milk, maltose
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Complex Carbohydrates:
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grains- wheat, rye, rice, oats, barley, and millet
Legumes: dry beans, peas, and lentils Tubers: potatoes and yams |
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Carbohydrate daily intake:
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45-65%
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Fiber:
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Dietary fiber: naturally present in foods
Functional fiber: isolated or synthesized in lab in carbs |
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Fiber daily intake
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- 38 grams for adult men and 25 grams for adult women
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Vitamins
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organic substances required in small amounts to regulate various processes within living cells
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How many vitamins do humans need?
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13
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Fat soluble vitamins:
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A D E K
-stored vitamins |
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Water soluble :
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C and 8 B-complex
- directly absorbed into blood stream and what we don't use, we excrete in our urine |
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Minerals:
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inorganic compounds that help regulate body functions, aid in growth, maintain body tissues, and help release energy
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How many essential minerals:
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17
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Major minerals:
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need 100 milligrams or more
-calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, potassium, and chloride |
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trace minerals:
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copper, fluoride, iodide, iron, selenium, and zinc
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Most lacking minerals:
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calcium, iron, zinc: only get about half of recommended amount of calcium
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Water:
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vital but often ignored
-composed of about 50-60% water -men- 13 cups -Women- 9 cups |
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Lacto Vegetarian:
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plant products, dairy products
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Lacto-ova-vegetarian:
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may eat eggs
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Partly-vegetarian:
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doesn't eat red meat
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Physical Fitness:
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the body's ability to respond or adapt to the demands or stress or physical effort
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Five Components of fitness:
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-Cardiorespiratory endurance
-Muscular strength -Muscular endurance -Flexibility -Body Composition |
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Cardiorespiratory endurance:
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-ability to the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to working muscles for a sustained period of time
-heart rate and blood pressure goes down, blood supply to tissues can improve |
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Muscular strength:
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-amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximal effort
-alignment, posture, muscle mass increases our metabolism -train with either weights or resistance exercise |
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Flexibility:
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-the ability to move joints through their full range of motion
-stretching |
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Body Composition:
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the proportion of lean body tissue vs. body fat
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Physical activity:
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any body movement carried out by the skeletal muscles and requiring energy
-need min of 30 mins a day five days a week |
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Six major risk factors for cardiovascular disease
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Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking Abnormal blood fat/cholesterol obesity High blood pressure diabetes |
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FITT
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Frequency
Intensity Time Type |
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Reversibility:
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what happens when your body will adjust to lower levels of activity as it did higher levels (if you don't use it, you'll lose it!)
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Target heart rate range
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the range of rates you should exercise in order to obtain cardiorespiratory benefits
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Isometric (static) exercise:
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Applies force without movement
-tighten muscles to strengthen |
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Isotonic (dynamic) exercise:
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-applies force with movement
-weight lifting |
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Statically (flexibility)
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not over-stretching, lengthen the muscle and hold it for a period of time
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Ballistic (bouncing)
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dangerous
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Active stretching:
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a person stretches their muscle under their own power
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Passive stretching
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use outside force or resistance
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Injuries: RICE
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Rest
Ice Compression Elevation |
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Fat-free mass:
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all of our tissue that is not fat- bones, connective tissue, etc.
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Subcutaneous fat (essential)
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fat that is necessary for normal functioning
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Visceral fat (storage)
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non essential fat, located below skin and around major organs
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overweight:
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total body weight above recommended range for good helath
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Obesity:
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a more serious degree of overweight
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BMI:
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weight/(height x height) x 703
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Hydrostatic:
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BMI- underwater (most accurate)
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Skinfold measures:
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BMI- thickness of fat under the skin
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Electrical impedance analysis:
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BMI- electricity prefers fat-free tissue
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Scanning
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BMI- CT scan, MRI
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Female Athlete triad;
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abnormal eating patterns, amenorrhea: lack of menstruation, decreased bone density
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Resting metabolic rate:
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energy required to maintain normal functions while our body is at rest, burns more calories at rest, increase through exercise
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A health body weight is...
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... not necessarily normal
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4 factors that lead to a helath body weight:
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diet and eating habits
portion sixes energy density |
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Eating disorders characterized by;
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severe disturbances in body image, eating patterns, and eating related behaviors
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Anorexia Nervosa:
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failure to eat enough food to maintain a reasonable body weight
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Bulimia Nervosa:
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Recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging
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Binge eating:
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Bulimia minus the purging
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Borderline disordered eating:
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have some symptoms, but don't meet full criteria
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