Peripheral Neuropathies

Front 1

What are the two causes of peripheral neuropathies?

Back 1

-Acquired
-Inherited

Front 2

What are three common causes of acquired neuropathies?

Back 2

-Trauma from external agents
-Systemic disease
-Infections or autoimmune disorders affecting nervous tissue

Front 3

Three common causes of traumatic nerve injuries?

Back 3

-Stretch injury
-Lacerations
-Compression

Front 4

The most common type of traumatic nerve injury is?

Back 4

-Stretch injury

Front 5

Brachial plexus injuries and radial nerve injuries are examples of?

Back 5

-Stretch injuries

Front 6

_____________ is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma whereby peripheral nerves are partially or completely severed?

Back 6

-Lacerations

Front 7

What is the most common and bad ass type of laceration injury?

Back 7

-STAB WOUND. . may not be the most common but still bad ass.

Front 8

Carpal tunnel would be an example of?
a) Stretch injury
b) Laceration injury
c) Compression
d) Repetitive stress

Back 8

d) carpal tunnel would be an example of repetitive stress.

Front 9

What is the leading cause of peripheral neuropathies in the US?

Back 9

-Diabetes Mellitus

-We are FAT

Front 10

What is another name for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy?

Back 10

-Chronic Guillian-Barre Syndrome

Front 11

Acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy is also know as?

Back 11

-Guillian-Barre Sundrome

Front 12

The following symptoms describe what disease?
-extreme weakness and wasting(specifically legs)
-Foot deformities (high arches & hammer toes)
-Gait abnormalities
-Loss of tendon reflexes and lower limb numbness

Back 12

-Charcot-Marie-Tooth Diesease

Front 13

Trophic changes include? (3)

Back 13

-Shiny skin
-Brittle nails
-Neurogenic jt damage

Front 14

Shiny skin, loss of wrinkles, curves and elongated nails indicate what disease?

Back 14

-CRPS type 1

Front 15

How to classify Nerve injuries:

Back 15

Front 16

Put the follow in order from least to most serious:
a) Axonotmesis
b) neuropraxia
c) neurotmesis

Back 16

b) neuropraxia
a) Axonotmesis
c) neurotmesis

Front 17

What level of nerve injury requires surgery?

Back 17

-Neurotmesis

Front 18

Degeneration of the fibers DISTAL to the cell body is known as?

Back 18

-Wallerian Degeneration

Front 19

Why can E-Stim have a negative effect on Class 2-3 injuries?

Back 19

-E-Stim can block the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) from being produced. This protein signals muscle denervation and directs the fibers where to go.

Front 20

What are the two types of surgery for nerve injury?

Back 20

-Immediate
-Early Delayed

Front 21

What type of injury receives immediate repair?

Back 21

-A clean cut such as glass or a partial transection.

Front 22

What type of injury receives a early delayed repair and why?

Back 22

-A major trauma or contamination injury. This is because there may be other concerns and the initial swelling/damage may need to resolve first.

Front 23

What portion of the nerve is connected with a surgical repair?

Back 23

-The epineurium is connected and the axons are allowed to connect.

Front 24

Which type of peripheral neuropathy involves a single nerve?

Back 24

-Mononeuropathy

Front 25

What type of neuropathy is defined at asymmetrical involvement of several nerves?

Back 25

-Mononeuropathy multiplex

Front 26

The next slide is a visual for Polyneuropathy:

Back 26

GLOVE AND STOCKING

Front 27

The next is a visual for Mononeuropathy Multiplex

Back 27

Front 28

Distal symmetric polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and cranial mononeuropathy are all types of ______________?

Back 28

-Diabetic Neuropathies

Front 29

What is the most common type of Diabetic Neuropathy?

Back 29

-Distal Symmetric Sensory Polyneuropathy

s/s: foot pain and paresthesias bilaterally, may have motor weakness (ie foot drop)

Front 30

What are some common symptoms of Diabetic proximal motor neuropathy?

Back 30

-Symptoms include severe pain in lumbar and sacral regions and weakness in the proximal large muscles of the legs and pelvic area.
-Muscle wasting is usually asymmetric with bilateral involvement.

Front 31

Isolated lesions of cranial nerves III, IV, or VI are common in what type of diabetic neuropathy?

Back 31

-Cranial mononeuropathy

s/s: unilateral forehead pain, eye pain, and diplopia that develops over a few hours

Front 32

Clinical presentation of peripheral neuropathy include? (name 3)

Back 32

-Numbness
-Paresthesias (tingling, burning, or prickling)
-Sharp pains or cramps
-Extreme sensitivity to touch, even light touch (allodynia)
-Loss of balance and coordination
-Loss of reflexes and muscle weakness

Front 33

What is the most important test to do with a diabetic patient with concerns of neuropathy?

Back 33

-Semmes-Weinstein

Front 34

T or F:
Exercise has little to no benefit on peripheral neuropathies?

Back 34

FALSE:
-An exercise balance program performed for 60 mins. 2X/wk for 8 wks in older adults with diabetic neuropathies significantly improved static and dynamic balance (i.e, postural sway, one-leg stance, Berg, FR, TUG, 10-m walk) and trunk proprioception compared to a group that received health education

Front 35

Kegel: "with diabetes, ___________ diameter is affected"

Back 35

-Small

Front 36

Why does larger diameter take longer to heal after injury?

Back 36

-They need more time for remylination

Front 37

What classification would a crush injury be?

Back 37

-Class 2

-also involves sensory, motor and autonomics

Front 38

When evaluating, what type of pattern is seen with a nerve root injury?

Back 38

-Dermatomal pattern