Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
botulinum toxin
|
binds to various proteins involved in vesicle cycling to prevent vesicular release
|
|
tetanus toxin
|
binds to synaptobrevin in inhibitory interneurones to prevent their transmission to motor neurones, which are then more excitable. Gives characteristic pattern of contractility.
|
|
hemicholinium
|
prevents uptake of choline into nerves
|
|
vesamicol
|
prevents uptake of choline into vesicles.
|
|
alpha latrotoxin
|
gives massive ACh release, possibly by binding to neurexins.
|
|
mecamylamine
|
competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist at ganglion
|
|
hexamethonium
|
ganglion blocker. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic.
|
|
d-tubocurarine
|
nicotinic antagonist.
|
|
atracurium
|
nicotinic antagonist. Selective for NMJ.
NOT ORALLY ACTIVE. |
|
pancuronium
|
nicotinic antagonist.
selective for NMJ. |
|
suxamethonium
|
depolarising blockade at NMJ.
Used in intubation. |
|
carbachol
|
cholinergic agonist.
|
|
methacholine
|
isomer of ACh. Broken down by AChE.
|
|
bethanechol
|
muscarinic agonist. Bladder dysfunction.
|
|
pilocarpine
|
muscarinic agonist. Used to lower intraocular pressure.
|
|
pirenzipine
|
muscarinic 1 antagonist.
gastroduodenal ulcers. |
|
edrophonium
|
short acting anticholinesterase. Binds to ionic site.
diagnoses myasthenia gravis. |
|
neostigmine
|
medium acting anticholinesterase. Binds to esteric site. Treats myasthenia gravis.
reverses muscular blockade post surgery. |
|
malathion
|
irreversible anticholinesterase.
Treats head lice. organophosphate. |
|
dylfos
|
irreversible anticholinesterase.
|
|
pralidoxime
|
undoes the irreversible block by the organophosphates. Only has a short window during which it is effective, as the enzyme-inhibitor complex undergoes ageing.
|
|
alpha methyl tyrosine
|
inhibitor for TOH - the rate limiting step for adrenaline synthesis.
|
|
carbidopa
|
inhibitor for DDC which makes dopa into dopamine. acts in the periphery to prevent massive dopamine transmission from parkinsons treatment.
|
|
disulfiram
|
inhibits dopmaine-beta-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine into NA.
chelates Cu? |
|
methyldopa
|
false transmitter.
gets converted to methyldopamine and then methylnoradrenaline. |
|
resperpine
|
gives profound depression. Prevents the uptake of catecholamines into the vesicles, and also gives vesicle depletion.
|
|
tyramine
|
indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine. Takes up and displaces NA some of which activates receptors.
widespread vasoconstriction and rise in BP. |
|
d-amfetamine
|
indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine.
Weakly inhibits MAO - which would break down displaced NA. |
|
guanethidine
|
blocks NA release.
In low doses, acts as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine. In higher doses, prevents vesicular release in response to APs. Unknown mechanism. |
|
cocaine
|
blocks uptake 1 (Na dependent).
|
|
imipramine
|
blocks uptake 1.
Tricyclic antidepressant. |
|
amyitryptyline
|
blocks uptake 1.
tricyclic antidepressant. |
|
phenoxybenzine
|
blocks uptake 2.
irreversible alpha blocker. |
|
selegiline
|
blocks MAOB, which would ordinarily break down DOPA in the brain.
Treats parkinson's. |
|
tranycypromine
|
non selective MAO inhibitor.
Treats refractory depression. |
|
entacapone
|
blocks COMT.
Parkinson's. |
|
phenylephrine
|
alpha1 agonist.
|
|
clonidine
|
alpha 2 agonist.
|
|
xylazine
|
alpha 2 agonist.
vet med sedative. |
|
salbutamol
|
beta 2 agonist.
|
|
dobutamine
|
beta 1 agonist.
acute cardiogenic shock. |
|
phentolamine
|
alpha ANTAGONIST.
|
|
phenoxybenzamine
|
alpha ANTAGONIST.
|
|
prazosin
|
alpha 1 antagonist.
|
|
yohimbine
|
alpha antagonist.
|
|
atenolol
|
beta 1 blocker.
prevents NA release during tumour removal surgery. |
|
butoxamine
|
beta 2 blocker.
|
|
labetolol
|
alpha1, beta1 and beta2 antagonist.
|
|
adrenaline
|
treats acute cardiac shock and anaphalactic shock.
|
|
ergotamine
|
partial alpha agonist,
for migraines, gives St Anthony's fire - intense vasoconstriction. |
|
caffeine
|
non selective PDE inhibitor.
Adenosine 1 antagonist. gives ionotropic and chronotropic effects. |
|
dipyramidole
|
blocks uptake of adenosine (and so potentiates adenosine)
|
|
isosorbide dinitrate
|
nitrovasodilator.
Donates NO. Angina. |
|
sildenafil
|
PDE5 inhibitor to raise GMP levels. Treats impotence.
|
|
L-NMMA
|
NOS inhibitor.
L-arginine analogue |
|
7-NI
|
neuronal NOS inhibitor.
|
|
7-NIO
|
iNOS inhibitor in activated macrophages.
|
|
nitroglycerine/
glyceryl trinitrate |
nitrovasodilator.
|