Peripheral Nervous System Review

Front 1

name the two components of the CNS

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

name components of PNS

Back 2

nerves that carry info to and from CNS

Front 3

2 divisions of the PNS

Back 3

afferent and efferent

Front 4

afferent is __(sensory/motor)__

Back 4

sensory

Front 5

sensory nerves do what

Back 5

carry info from periph receptors to brain and spinal cord

Front 6

efferent is __(sensory/motor)__

Back 6

motor

Front 7

motor nerves do what

Back 7

carry info away from CNS and are involved in muscle contraction

Front 8

efferent division is subdivided into what

Back 8

somatomotor nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Front 9

somatomotor nerves innervate what

Back 9

skeletal muscle

Front 10

autonomic nerves innervate what

Back 10

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Front 11

where does the spinal cord begin and end

Back 11

begins in foramen magnum, the vertebral column extends all the way to L2 (second lumbar vertebrae)

Front 12

what is the conus medullaris

Back 12

cone shaped ending of the spinal cord at L2

Front 13

where do cervical, thoracic, and upper lumbar spinal nerves of the PNS exit the vertebral canal

Back 13

exit the vertebral canal LATERAL to the cord through the intervertebral foramina

Front 14

where do lower lumbar and sacral nerves exit the vertebral canal

Back 14

they extend downward through vertebral canal and form cauda equina

Front 15

what is the cauda equina

Back 15

bundle of nerves (lower lumbar and sacral) that exits the intervertebral foramina. looks like a horses tail.

Front 16

what are the protective coverings of the spinal cord

Back 16

meninges:
dura mater- tough outer layer
arachnoid mater- more delicate middle layer
pia mater- cannot be seperated from cord

Front 17

how many spinal nerves are there? how are they separated?

Back 17

total spinal nerves: 31
cervical- 8
thoracic- 12
lumbar- 5
sacral- 5
coccygeal- 1

Front 18

what are the cervical nerves and what do they supply

Back 18

C1-C8; they supply muscles of the face and neck

Front 19

what do nerves T1-L2 contain

Back 19

sympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Front 20

what is parikarya

Back 20

nerve cell bodies

Front 21

what do the dorsal horns contain

Back 21

grey matter containing perikarya (nerve cell bodies) of **sensory nerves** AND **interneurons**

Front 22

what do interneurons do

Back 22

transmit impulses to motor neurons in ventral horn

Front 23

what do the ventral horns contain

Back 23

grey matter containing **alpha motor neurons**

Front 24

what do alpha motor neurons do

Back 24

their axons innervate skeltal muscle in trunk and extremities

Front 25

where can you find the intermediolateral cell column

Back 25

spinal cord between T1-L2; triangular extension of grey matter

Front 26

what does the intermeiolateral cell column do

Back 26

carries perikary of **sympathetic nerves** of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Front 27

what do myelinated nerves do?

Back 27

bundles of nerves that surround grey matter and convey messages to and frmo the brain, ALSO KNOWN AS WHITE MATTER

Front 28

how are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord

Back 28

by two pairs of rootlets, the dorsal root and ventral root

Front 29

dorsal root is __sensory/motor__, and contains ____ neurons

Back 29

sensory, pseudounipolar neurons

Front 30

where are pseudounipolar neurons located

Back 30

dorsal root ganglion (the swelling on dorsal root)..

Front 31

what is a ganglion

Back 31

aggregation of nerve cell bodies located outside the brain or spinal cord

Front 32

meningeal ramus supplies?

Back 32

meninges of the spinal cord

Front 33

ventral primary ramus supplies?

Back 33

skin and muscle of anterior body wall, legs, neck, arms

Front 34

dorsal primary ramus supplies?

Back 34

skin and muscle of the back

Front 35

gray communicating rami supplies does what

Back 35

joins sympathetic ganglia to the spinal nerve

Front 36

white communicating rami does what?

Back 36

joins spinal nerves to sympathetic ganglia at the levels of T1-L2

Front 37

what are somatic reflexes

Back 37

skeletal msucle, involuntary movement, response from sensory input

Front 38

what does the term "arc" refer to

Back 38

the pathway the stimulus must travel through to evoke a response

Front 39

what is the most common pathway composed of

Back 39

1. receptor (receives stimulus)
2. sensory neuron (carries impulse to spinal cord via dorsal roots)
3. interneuron (transmits umpulse to motor neuron in ventral horn)
4. alpha motor neuron (transmits impulse to effector via ventral roots)
5. effector (muscle or gland contracts or secretes when activated by impulse)

Front 40

efferent nerves

Back 40

motor

Front 41

intermediolaterl cell column

Back 41

contains sympathetic neurons

Front 42

dorsal root ganglion

Back 42

location of pseudounipolar neurons

Front 43

gray matter

Back 43

portion of spinal cord that contains perikarya

Front 44

ventral root

Back 44

motor root of the spinal nerve

Front 45

afferent nerves

Back 45

sensory

Front 46

ventral horn

Back 46

location of alpha motor neurons

Front 47

dorsal root

Back 47

sensory root of spinal nerve

Front 48

white matter

Back 48

poriton of spinal cord that contains nerve bundles