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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the measurements of ABPI (ankle brachial press index) in normality and disease?
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Normal = 1
Intermittant claudication = 0.5-0.9 Critical ischaemia = <0.5 |
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What is intermittant claudication?
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Obstruction of arteries by artherosclerosis (usually lower limb)- atherosclerosis of simple segment
Affects 5% middle aged men Presents: Calf m pain (if superior femoral artery affected) Buttock and thigh pain = iliac artery affected |
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Rx IC:
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Cilostazol (peripheral VD)
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What is critical ischaemia?
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Atherosclerotic plaques at multiple levels
Rest/night pain Gangrene/ulcerative foot >2 wks ABPI < 50mmHg NB Called subcritical ischaemia if symptoms but pressure > 50 30-40% DM |
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Cause night pain in CI?
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Occurs 1-2hrs after lying down
Lose gravitational effect on perfusion Drop BP + CO Pain relieved hanging foot outside bed Sleep in chair leads to oedema |
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Features of diabetic vascular disease?
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Arterial calcification
Immunocomprimised therefore = gangrene and cellulitis Charcot joint due to poor proprioception so present late |
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What is buergers disease?
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AKA Thromangiitis obliterans
Assoc male smokers 20-30yr Inflam obliterative arterial disease Symptoms: claudication, rest pain, fingers and toes affected Also affects VV Genetic element |
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How does peripheral vasc disease affect the upper limb?
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Subclavian artery common site for disease
Arm claudication rare Mainly due to atheroembolism as small emboli lodge in the digital aa Blue finger (easily confused raynauds) Subclavian steal - blood diverted/stolen from brain via vertebral artery As a result - dizziness, cortical blindness or collapse |
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What is Raynauds phenomenom?
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It is the description of the 3 colour changes in isch
1. White = pallor due to vasospasm 2. Blue = cyanosis secondary to deoxygenated blood 3. Red = rubor due to reactive hyperaemia |
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What is Raynauds disease - primary raynauds?
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Where the cause of the phenomenom is unknown
Rx nifedipine Affects yound females 15-30 (5-10% pop) |
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What is secondary raynauds?
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Older patients secondary to:
1. Connective tissue disease (e.g. crest syndrome) 2. Vibration injury e.g. pneumatic drill 3. Thoracic outlet obstruction - obstructing flow to arm? |
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Symptoms of ischaemia? (6)
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6 P's ischaemia
1. Pain 2. Paraesthesia 3. Paralysis 4. Perishing cold 5. Pulseless 6. Pallor |
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Label the diagram shown.
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1. Right common iliac artery
2. External iliac 3. Deep femoral artery / profunda femoris 4. Lateral femoral artery 5. Abd aorta 6. Internal iliac 7. Femoral artery 8. Deep Genicular artery 9. Ant tibial artery 10. Popliteal artery |