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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Explain why Eclecticism thrived particularly in the United States, perhaps more so than in other countries. |
There was little past on which to build. The idea of importing something from the past that would bring with it culture, style, and status became an obsession with the newly rich that offered them some identification to the European aristocracy. |
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Describe the teaching methodologies that were introduced at the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts, Paris. |
Student's were given a written "program" of requirements for a building desired by some imagined client. Each student then prepared design under the direction of a "critic" who operated an atelier or studio. |
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Explain how the Palais Garnier (The Opéra in Paris), shown below in section, “encapsulated the divergent tendencies and political and social ambitions of its era.” |
It has a highly logical and functional plan, realized in richly decorative exterior and interior detail that rises to the level of over-elaboration without overstepping the line of vulgarity. The building remains a model for what a festive hall should be. |
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Name this house, its designer, and the period that it was named after. What project inspired the helical stair expressed on its exterior? |
-Bittmore -Richard Hunt -French Renaissance -Chambord and Blois projects |
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Why is the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago considered a turning point for design in the United States? |
The setting of Union Station's facade at the focus of converging avenues in a park-like setting is one of the few executed achievements of the City Beautiful movement. |
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Explain why at the Paris Ecole, historicism was not a primary focus. |
Students studied and made drawings of historic buildings in order to understand their qualities. |
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What is the significance of Richard Morris Hunt's place in the design of the United States? |
He brought back to new York the skills and prestige that his Parisian training had given him. |
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What style typified the early work of McKim, Mead, & White, and why did this change? |
-Victorian Shingle Style -originality of such work gave way to eclectic historicism as larger commissions offered opportunities for classically-based monumentality. |
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Identify these adjacent spaces at Penn Station, and discuss the differences in design expression. |
Main concourse: -corinthian columns -coffered vaulting Adjacent Train Shed: -glass and iron roof structure -surround of the neo-Roman classicism |
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What tradition did Daniel H.Burnham draw upon for his treatment of the entrance to Union Station? What achievement of the City Beautifulmovement was realized with this station? |
Treating the entrance to a major terminal as a triumphal arch. Achievements include setting of Union Station's facade at the focus of converging avenues in a park-like green setting. |
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Compare and contrast the differences in design technology and expression of these two early Chicago skyscrapers.
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Monadnocks: -early simplicity -unornamented -red brick -lower thick walls to carry weight Reliance: -curtain walls of iron, terra cotta, and glass -metal structure frame |
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As demonstrated below, several eclectic buildings featured a central court where stairs and elevator cages could be seen as interesting visual elements. Why?
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The approach created an impressive internal atrium. Eclectic designers were determined to stick with traditional pre-industrial construction techniques instead of developing designs that had little relation to modern high rise-construction. |
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“I opened the doors and windows of America, and let the air and sunshine in.”
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Elise de Wolfe |
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"The final judgment in decorating is not the logic of the mind, but the logic of the eye.”
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Billy Baldwin |
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“I have no time for boring furniture, boring fabrics or boring people.”
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Rose Cuming |
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"I thought it I was going to do it all, I'd better do it professionally…I wasn't one of the ladies."
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Elenor McMillen |
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"Never complain, never explain.”
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Elise de Wolfe |
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Name the eclectic designer that makes a case for the virtues of medieval English Gothic work, illustrates examples of medieval excellence, and makes comparisons with illustrations of“vicious,” “affected,” and “unintelligent” design.
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Ralph Adams Cram |
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Name this church,its designer, and its contribution to American culture within the Eclectic movement.
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-NYC Church of St. Thomas -Ralph Adams Cram -It made aspects of medieval work available to an American public that had little chance to experience the original sources of its details |
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Discuss the significance of the relationship between the Arts and Crafts movement, George Booth, and Eliel Saarinen.
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Cranbrook Academy of the Arts Community was found by Booth and Saarinen. |
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How did the development and practice of Eclecticism in Europe differ from its counterpart in the United States?
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Not having the actual real historic building/ interiors present the imitation was less appealing. |
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Itemize three attributes that define Stripped Classicismas it developed in Europe during the 1930s:
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-the combination of a sense of formality -tradition along with a touch of modernism -a certain sense of economy and efficiency contributed to its appeal |
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Why was modern architecture notaccepted by the totalitarian movements of the 20th century (exampleshown below)?
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The style had the misfortune to become the architecture expression of fascism in Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany. |
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Why was Scandinavian design able to make a smoother transition to the modern movement? |
The eclecticism of Scandinavian design, built on folk traditions reaching back to the Norseman, never became narrowly imitative and so was able to make a smooth transition into the simpler forms that came to characterize modern design. |
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Identify the project that thedoor shown below is a part of, the primary designer of the project, and themovement that this design is often associated with. In what ways did thismovement depart from its Jugendstil influences?
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-Hvittrask -Eliel Saarinen -National Romanticism -It was a cluster of structures in the red tile-roof Nordic Romantic Style that had connections with Judenstil work; but it also had original qualities, partially in the spacious interiors, where rugo and tapestries, metalwork, and furniture were all fine examples of design based on craft tradition. |
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Name the woman shown in thephotograph below, and explain her significance to the Eclectic movements andearly modernism in both Europe and the United States.
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-Saarinen's wife, Loja -a sculptor, weaver, and designer of textiles and carpets, was an active participant in the design of Hvittrask and continued to participate in many of her husband's projects |
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How did the later work ofNorman Shaw differ from that established earlier in his career?
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Eclecticism surfaced in some of his later work as Arts and Crafts influence faded and Beaux-Arts classicism asserted itself |
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List three attributes of his manor houses that attractedclients to the work of Sir Edwin Lutyens:
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-comfort they desired -a sense of belonging to an aristocratic tradition -a genuine element of creative originality |
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Whatearly Indian form was referenced in the dome of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly Viceroy’s House)shown below?
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The great drum mounted Buddhist dome |
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Give two reasons why Eclecticbuildings and interiors are represented in countries as far removed as Chinaand Japan.
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1) Ships with eclectic interior decor carried colonists to under developed parts of the world where they immediately demanded the recreation of their home countries through eclectic building 2) Chinese and Japanese architects trained to American architecture schools |
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Compare and contrast thedifferent philosophies of Historicism, Revivalism, Traditionalism, andEclecticism and how they influenced design in the United States.
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Historicism: relying on history for inspiration Revivalism: refers to efforts to return to a particular historic style Traditionalism: an alternative direction opposed to modernism Eclecticism:the view that design should be a matter of choosing some historic precedent and imitating it as convincingly as possible |
