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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Orientation, hierarchy, placement, and structural emphasis are important. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Man is generally seen in relation to nature, and buildings are carefully sited within garden settings. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Construction, detailing, decoration, and color articulate a design language of beauty based upon the principles of feng shui. |
Chinese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Main buildings are sited on a north-south axis with lesser structures on an east-west axis. The most important structure is the greatest distance from the entrance. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
In traditional architecture, the shin-kabe (plaster wall with exposed structure) is typical. |
Japanese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Contrasts arising from religion and philosophy – asymmetry and symmetry, empty space and finiteness, dark and light – are significant. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Shibui, the highest aesthetic level of traditional design, is articulated through simplicity, implicitness or inner meaning, humility, silence, and the use of natural materials. |
Japanese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
The laws of the five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water) govern relationships in the natural environment. |
Chinese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Symmetry is very important, but uneven numbering systems based on religion and nature often define roof layers, details, and spacing. |
Chinese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
True value is placed on the site, the pattern of the building, and tradition over the building itself. |
Chinese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
The asymmetric balance between right and left creates a dynamic sense of beauty; this appreciation appears in the way the building rambles, as well as in roof layers, details, spacing, and overall image. |
Japanese |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Construction, detailing, decoration, and color reflect the various religions and the importance of nature. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
A complex bracket system supports the roof and provides ornament. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
A complex bracket system supports the roof and provides ornament. |
Both |
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Circle C for China, J for Japan, or B if the statement pertains to both:
Buildings stand in isolation from one another but bridges, courtyards, gates, and other structures create a series of views and connections. |
Both |
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Name four (4) useful functions performed by the shoji: |
a) Shield outer portions of a building during poor weather b) Establish a visual rhythm c) help integrate inside and outside d) subdivide interior spaces
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Name the following Taoist symbol. Spelling must be correct for credit.
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Five bats representing the five blessings |
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Name this Japanese modular system. Spelling must be correct for credit.
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Ken |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
Orientation, hierarchy, placement, and structural emphasis are important. |
True |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
Construction, detailing, decoration, and color articulate a design language of beauty based upon the principles of feng shui. |
False |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
In traditional architecture, the shin-kabe (plaster wall with exposed structure) is typical. |
True |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
Contrasts arising from religion and philosophy – asymmetry and symmetry, empty space and finiteness, dark and light – are significant. |
True |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
Shibui, the highest aesthetic level of traditional design, is articulated through simplicity, implicitness or inner meaning, humility, silence, and the use of natural materials. |
True |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
The laws of the five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water) govern relationships in the natural environment. |
False |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
Symmetry is very important, but uneven numbering systems based on religion and nature often define roof layers, details, and spacing. |
False |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
True value is placed on the site, the pattern of the building, and tradition over the building itself. |
False |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
The asymmetric balance between right and left creates a dynamic sense of beauty; this appreciation appears in the way the building rambles, as well as in roof layers, details, spacing, and overall image. |
True |
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The following statements apply to Japanese culture and design philosophy (circle T if True of F if False):
Buildings stand in isolation from one another but bridges, courtyards, gates, and other structures create a series of views and connections. |
True |
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Ming dynasty blue and white is the best known of Chinese porcelains, but the period also produced polychrome enameled porcelains, which Europeans classify according to color and distribution. They are: |
a) familia verte b) familia rose c) familia juane
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How do traditional Korean interiors differ from their Chinese counterparts? |
They do not use chairs Beds are elevated, seating pads are on the floor Many storage units are low although some cabinets are full height |
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“In happiness, there are seeds of sadness; and in every risk there lies an opportunity.” Whose culture, which text, and what philosophical concept does this quote refer to (this is a 3-part answer). |
China, yin yang balance, balance yin and yang and avoid stark contrasts
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What two (2) major contributions does Chinese stepped-beam construction (illustrated below) make to the architecture and interiors of many Asian buildings? |
Good resistance to earthquake damage Wooden element and joints can flex without breaking |
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What is a caisson ceiling? |
Coffered ceiling (recessed) |
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Give two (2) reasons that Asian joinery utilizes little or no glue. |
1) nails and glue didn't stand well with the climate 2) highly resinous wood were used |
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What is Chinoiserie? |
imitation of Chinese motifs/techniques in Western in art furniture and architecture |
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Name the three (3) components indicated on this Chinese “official’s hat chair:” |
Chestrail, backrest, stretcher |
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What are the “simple realities” acknowledged by the Wabi-sabi aesthetic? |
a) imperfect b) impermanent c) incomplete |
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What is the significance of the small structure (part of the Ise Jingu shrine) that stands on the empty site to the left in this illustration? |
inner shrine Naiku ("Katal Jingai) |
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Explain the connection between Marion Mahoney and Japonisme. |
She brought the Japonisme style to Chicago with the influence of Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Draw a simple diagram that explains the layout of a Shinden Style house plan. |
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List three (3) attributes that inform the design concepts of a Japanese tea house: |
a) simplicity b) naturalism c) careful planning |
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What is the difference between a shoji, a fusuma, a rama, and a noren? |
fasuma: partition the space and support fluid movement and interchangebility, function rama: decorative panel, facilitate flow and light infiltration noren: split curtains that act as shades to block undesirable weather shoji: sliding screen that acts as doors and windows |
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What is represented in the illustration below, and what was it originally designed to store? |
Zabutontansu - Zabuton Pillows |
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Label the objects in the illustrations below. What ritual are they typically associated with? |
1) Raku-yaki 2) Ikebami |
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Perpendicular, the last phase of English gothic, derived its name from rectilinear vertical forms with intersecting points of tracery. What are three other features typical of English Perpendicular? |
1) Extra Vagent towers 2) Parallel vertical divisions of windows 3) Fan vaulting
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This late Gothic movement in Spain (vaulting of New Cathedral in Salamanca shown) was an eclectic blend of Mudéjar, Flamboyant Gothic and Lombard decorative components, and Renaissance elements of Tuscan origin. Its name means “in the manner of a silversmith.” Name this later Spanish Gothic style. |
Plateresque |
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Our Lady of Paris by Victor Hugo references which Gothic cathedral? |
Notre Dame |
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This term refers to the elaboration of decoration in work from about 1230 to 1325 when radiating lines of tracery became an important element: |
Ray Monant |
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What are the projecting leaf-shaped ornaments shown below right? |
Crockets |
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This Coronation Chair was made on the orders of King Edward I in 1300–1 to enclose the |
Stone of Scone (Stone of Destiny) |
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What are two (2) ways in which later Gothic Revival styles differed from their medieval origins? |
1) greater emphasis on scale in comparison to impressive height 2) interiors do not reflect medieval living patterns |
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Images, and symbols of faith and prosperity, manifest in cathedrals through: |
a) cruciform b) soaring lines c) mystical light d) decorative programs that explain doctrines to those who can't read |
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What is one of the reasons that English cathedrals closely resemble their French counterparts? |
Close communication between builders, architects on both sides of English chanel |
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Name this building: construction was halted in 1473, leaving the south tower complete up to the and a landmark of its city’s skyline |
Cologne Cathedral |
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As discussed in class, name the three smaller, private rooms that developed around the great hall during the Gothic period: |
a) solar b) withdrawing room c) great chamber |
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The window projection on the right is referred to as a(n) . |
Lahcet |
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Root word for building type meaning “seat of a bishop.” |
Cathedra |
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Board construction simply pegs boards together; joined construction adopts framed panels. TRUE FALSE (circle one) |
TRUE |
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Half pillars rising from arcade columns to the springing of the ribs are called: |
Responds |
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What is this sequence of diagrams trying to explain with respect to the evolution of the arch form? |
How they became pointed and allowed for more space
Round arch can vault a square evenly but cannot vault a rectangle evenly
Pointed arches can vault any area
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This cathedral was built over several hundred years in a number of contrasting styles and the quality of the workmanship varies markedly. Reactions to it have ranged from admiration to disfavor...the early Romantics tended to praise it in “the first intense enthusiasms for Gothic.” As the Gothic Revival brought in a purer taste, condemnation was often equally intense. The name of the cathedral is: |
Milan Cathedral |
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Saint-Denis, Isle de France, 1135 – 1144, introduced four (4) elements that originated the gothic style: |
a) Central Rose Window b) 3 Portals c) 2 Lateral Towers d) Column Statues |
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This tracery exemplifies the flame-like forms that give this style its name: |
Flamboyant |
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The earliest castles are erected on a ________ , with one or more walls enclosing the ________ . |
motte and bailey |
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Half-timber construction consists of a structural wood frame with an infill of wattle (mud or clay) and daub (sticks). TRUE FALSE (circle one) |
TRUE |
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The Middle Ages showed a renewed interest in . (example at right) |
Labyrinths |
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For Abbot Suger and others, light is and mathematical proportions represent . |
a metaphor for divine illumination divine order and harmony |
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A is a German and Dutch word for a Gothic ornamental gable with tracery over windows or portals, which were often accompanied with pinnacles. |
wimperg |
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What does the term “millefleur” refer to? |
having a background made of many small flowers and plants, popular motif in tapestry and other applied arts and crafts |
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Many gothic halls are roofed in wood with a series of great trusses (example shown below), making it possible to span a greater width than would be possible with a simpler triangular truss. |
hammerbeam |
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In the interest of function and defense, these three (3) attributes determined the appearance of early castles and palaces: |
a) conservatism b) construction method c) local materials |
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What is the architectural feature illustrated at right? |
Machicolation |
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Label the Gothic chair types illustrated below: |
Chior Stall and Savonarola chair |
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Italy in the 15th century is a country of individual republics or city-states. In which republic did the Renaissance originate? |
Florence - North of Rome |
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This Italian poet and scholar was considered the “father” of a philosophy that was fundamental to Renaissance culture. a) Name the philosophy b) Provide a brief description of the philosophy’s principles |
a) Humanism b) everyone has potential to learn, discover, achieve, write and can become less mysterious through discovery |
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This prominent floor level of the Italian palazzo provided the large and richly decorated salons for formal life. It is called a(n) . |
Piano Noble |
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According to Leon Battista Alberti the most perfect, and hence most divine form, is the . |
Circle |
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During the Renaissance, the boundary-dissolving structure was replaced by ____________ , and the shimmering wall surface by _____________. |
clearly defined, self sufficient volumes
substantial, anthropomorphic articulation |
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What does “rinascita” refer to? |
rebirth / awakening of wisdom |
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Discuss the different approaches to causal (cause-and-effect) relationships in medieval and Renaissance thought. |
medieval = super natural powers willed events questioned faith
Renaissance = experiments demonstrate cause and effect lead to ? which is the basis of science |
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The illustration below demonstrates the Renaissance technique of superimposition. Define superimposition and the principles that govern it. |
Poised between a classical concept of organization and a sense of uncertain assembly of unrelated parts |
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What is the woodworking technique shown below that uses varied shapes and species of wood that, when fitted together, creates a mosaic image with an illusion of depth? |
Intarsia
Sturdy furniture establish aesthetic of dignity that hold luxury and a fine balance |
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The illustration below demonstrates the Renaissance technique of superimposition. Define superimposition and the principles that govern it. What is the woodworking technique shown below that uses varied shapes and species of wood that, when fitted together, creates a mosaic image with an illusion of depth? The Palazzo Davanzati (illustration at left) “existed at the transition point when medieval ways moved into a new era.” Describe the elements and concepts of this city palace that were either medieval or Renaissance in their execution. |
Medieval = narrow, irregular, cramped |
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What were the two (2) major contributions to Renaissance art and architecture made by Filippo Brunelleschi? |
linear perspectives, dome without buttresses (duomo) |
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Name three (3) Renaissance figures presented in class that published books that laid out systematic approaches to the aesthetics of design. |
Alberti, Palladio, Vignola |
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At the end of his career, Andrea Palladio designed the Teatro Olimpico. What major contribution did this project make to interior design and architecture? |
Introducing concepts from theater into architectural and interior design |
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What artistic technique as demonstrated in these two projects was used to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three dimensions? |
painted bas-relief (with trompe l'oeil) |
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What two significant projects did Michelangelo contribute to the Basilica of San Lorenzo, shown at right? |
1. Laurentian Library 2. New Sacristy |
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Definitive Baroque design was a synthesis of these three elements: |
a) Quadratura b) Quadro riportato c) Di sotto in su |
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Name the church shown to the right that became a prototype for many of the Baroque churches built during the Counter- Reformation era. |
Il Gesu in Rome
facade project by Giacomo della porta |
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This object was a status symbol to be put on display in the rooms of many luxurious Baroque and Rococo houses: |
the clock |
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The etching at right depicts a court theater that |
Cuvilliés = designer Residenz at Munich |
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The great innovation of Baroque design philosophy was the idea that: |
Space doesn't surround architecture but is created by it |
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The plan shown is based on a Latin cross, but the arrangement of aisles and the related ovals of the low domes of the ceiling elaborate and obscure the plan form. |
Vierzehnheiligen |
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Stupinigi Palace, shown at right below, demonstrates what sort of plan? |
Saltire plan: 4 angled wings project from the oval-shaped main hall |
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Two important physical elements featured in many Baroque designs are the __________ |
Modification of walls and ceiling shapes
Illusionistic views of space |
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Baroque architecture concludes a period in the history of western culture which is called the_____ . |
Age of Humanism |
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What does the term “il punto in aria” refer to? |
(stitch in air) needle lace |
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The S-curved scroll in the detail shown below was a new form without precedent in antiquity. What building did it first appear on, and who was the designer? |
Santa Maria Novella
Leone Battista
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What technique did Guarino Guarini use to exagerate the height of this dome (S. Sindone, Turin) as experienced from the interior? |
A conical dome is built up from six rings of flat arches, each arch resting on the centers of the arches below each ring growing smaller in a way that creates a perspective effect of exaggerated height |
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Shown below is a section and partial front elevation of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane by Francesco Borromini. Give three (3) traits that characterize it as a Baroque design. |
1. Coffered patterns 2. Flexing of walls 3. Controlled daylighting |
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This design term derives from French and Spanish words meaning “shell-like:” |
Rococo |
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This artist and architect brought a sculptor’s way of thinking into the development of the Baroque: |
Gianlorenzo Bernini |
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Gianlorenzo Bernini combined these three (3) disciplines into a synthesis that has been referred to as the “unity of the visual arts:” |
painting, sculpture, and architecture |
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Typical of the_______ period, basic forms tend toward simplification while surface ornament becomes increasingly rich. |
Rococo |
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At right is a plan of Einsiedeln Abbey near Zürich, Switzerland. |
The overlay of sculptured form and illusionistic ceiling painting generates a complexity of space and is theatrically typical of Baroque |
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Compare and contrast the design characteristics of Baroque and Rococo furniture. |
Baroque - elaboration, even ostentation Rococo- strives for delicacy and elegancy |
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What was revolutionary about the plan of Villa del Poggio, shown below left? |
Built on a quadrangular base around a large central hall with rooms having windows overlooking the surrounding countryside |
