Perio

Front 1

What type of gingiva extends from the base of the sulcus to the gingival margin?

Back 1

Marginal (unattached) Gingiva

Front 2

What is a healthy position of the gingival margin?

Back 2

1-3mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction

Front 3

What is the space between the tooth and the marginal gingiva?

Back 3

Gingival Sulcus

Front 4

What is the ideal healthy depth of the gingival sulcus?

Back 4

1-3mm

Front 5

What approximates the apical level of the marginal gingiva or base of the sulcus?

Back 5

Free gingival groove

Front 6

What type of gingiva extends from the base of the gingival sulcus to the mucogingival junction?

Back 6

Attached Gingiva

Front 7

What are high connective tissue ridges within the lamina propria that elevate the epithelium into slightly rounded surface protrusions?

Back 7

Stippling

Front 8

What feature of the attached gingiva is generally lost with inflammation?

Back 8

Stippling

Front 9

Where is the attached gingiva the widest on the buccal surface?

Back 9

At the incisors

Front 10

Where is the attached gingiva the widest on the lingual surface?

Back 10

At the molars

Front 11

What structure generally fills the interdental space?

Back 11

Inerdental papilla (Interdental gingiva)

Front 12

What determines the shape of the interdental papilla?

Back 12

The surrounding anatomy (Tooth position, diastema, degree of eruption/missing teeth)

Front 13

What type of tissue is the posterior interdental papilla?

Back 13

Non-keratinized

Front 14

Where is the anatomical position where the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa meet?

Back 14

Mucogingival Junction

Front 15

(T/F) The mucogingival junction is made of keratinized tissue.

Back 15

False, The mucogingival junction is non-keratinized

Front 16

What structure is a muscle and connective tissue attachment?

Back 16

Frenum

Front 17

What is the color of healthy gingiva?

Back 17

Pink (Possible to have physiologic pigmentation)

Front 18

What is a healthy contour of gingiva?

Back 18

Knife-edged

Front 19

What are intracellular junctions or attachments of the oral epithelium?

Back 19

Desmosomes

Front 20

What division of the oral epithelium contains keratohyalin granules?

Back 20

Strats Granulosum

Front 21

What is the term for the complete keratinization of the stratum corneum?

Back 21

Orthokeratinization

Front 22

What is the term for the incomplete keratinization of the stratum corneum?

Back 22

Perakeratinization

Front 23

About how long does it take a cell to transverse the oral epithelium?

Back 23

About 10 days

Front 24

What causes the cells to slough away into the oral cavity?

Back 24

The degeneration of the desmosomes

Front 25

What type of cells produce melanin?

Back 25

Melanocytes

Front 26

What cells are involved in the regulation of tissue function?

Back 26

Langerhans Cells

Front 27

What cells are important for tactile sensory?

Back 27

Merkel Cell

Front 28

What type of cells are responsible for the inflammatory response?

Back 28

Lymphocytes

Front 29

What is the primary cell of the gingival connective tissue (lamina propria)?

Back 29

Fibroblast

Front 30

What is the primary fiber type of the gingival connective tissue?

Back 30

Collagen

Front 31

Which region of the interdental papilla is more susceptible to inflammation?

Back 31

Posterior region

Front 32

What strata are contained in the oral epithelium (List from superficial to deep)

Back 32

Corneum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Front 33

What type of epithelium can be found facing the enamel from the gingival margin to the junctional epithelium?

Back 33

Sulcular Epithelium

Front 34

What are the layers of strata found on the sulcular epithelium? (Superficial to deep)

Back 34

Superficial
Intermediate
Spinosum
Basale

Front 35

Is sulcular epithelium keratinized or non-keratinized?

Back 35

Non-keratinized

Front 36

What type of epithelium is the collar like band of epithelium that surrounds the tooth and is attached to both the tooth and connective tissue?

Back 36

Junctional Epithelium

Front 37

Which type of epithelium has the largest rete pegs?

Back 37

Oral epithelium

Front 38

Which type of epithelium has few desmosomes and intercellular space?

Back 38

Junctional epithelium

Front 39

About how long is the cell renewal of the junctional epithelium?

Back 39

About four days

Front 40

Which type of attachment contains no rete pegs?

Back 40

Junctional Epithelium - Connective Tissue Attachment
Sulcular Epithelium - Connective Tissue Attachment

Front 41

Where can hemidesmosomes be found?

Back 41

In epithelium-connective tissue attachments

Front 42

Where is the junctional epithelium the thickest?

Back 42

At the most coronal part (15-30 cell layers)

Front 43

What is the junctional epithelium- tooth attachment comprised of?

Back 43

Hemidesmosomes
Lamina Lucida
Lamina Densa

Front 44

What are three main fiber orientations of the gingival connective tissue (lamina propria)?

Back 44

Circular
Gingivodental
Teansseptal

Front 45

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue maintains the contour and position of the marginal gingiva and encircles the gingiva in a ring-like fashion?

Back 45

Circular

Front 46

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue provides gingival support?

Back 46

Gingivodental

Front 47

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue maintains the relationship of adjacent teeth, extends from the cementum of one tooth to the cementum of another, and protects interproximal bone?

Back 47

Transseptal

Front 48

What two fiber orientations of the gingival connective tissue attaches gingiva to bone?

Back 48

Alveologingival
Periosteogingival

Front 49

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue secures the alignment of teeth in the arch?

Back 49

Transgingival

Front 50

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue provides support for interdental gingiva?

Back 50

Interpapillary

Front 51

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue stabilizes teeth in the arch?

Back 51

Intercircular

Front 52

What fiber orientation of the gingival connective tissue provides support and contour of attached gingiva?

Back 52

Intergingival

Front 53

(T/F) Gingival crevicular fluid can be found in measurable quantities in healthy, uninflamed gingiva.

Back 53

False, it is not present in measureable quantities in healthy, uninflamed gingiva

Front 54

What is attachment loss generally measured from?

Back 54

The cementoenamel junction

Front 55

What is the connective tissue structure that surrounds the root and connects it to bone?

Back 55

Periodontal Ligament

Front 56

What does the alveolar crest fiber bundle of the periodontal ligament do?

Back 56

Counterbalances forces of more apical fibers, keeping tooth in socket

Front 57

What principal fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament stabalizes the tooth in the socket?

Back 57

Horizontal

Front 58

What is the largest group of principal fiber bundles of the periodontal ligament?

Back 58

Oblique

Front 59

What principal fiber bundle of the periodontal ligament takes occlusal forces and transforms them to tension forces on the bone?

Back 59

Oblique

Front 60

What type of fibers are the terminal part of the principal fibers of the PDL that insert into cementum and bone?

Back 60

Sharpey's fibers

Front 61

What type of bone is comprised of trabeculae with irregularly shaped marrow spaces?

Back 61

Cancellous bone (supporting bone)

Front 62

What type of bone is superficial or outer surface of the buccal and lingual plates?

Back 62

Compact bone

Front 63

What type of bone is comprised of dense compact bone and bundle bone?

Back 63

Alveolar bone proper (cribriform plate; radiographically as the lamina dura)

Front 64

What does the interdental bone contour depend on?

Back 64

The tooth (contour of enamel and interdental width, eruption, position and angulation, tooth width)

Front 65

What is an isolated area where the root is denuded of bone, leaving only periosteum and gingiva over the root with marginal bone intact?

Back 65

Fenestration

Front 66

Where could fenestration be found greater in prevelance in the oral cavity?

Back 66

On the anterior facial surface

Front 67

What is the term when the denuded area around the root extends through the marginal bone?

Back 67

Dehiscence

Front 68

What is the ratio of inorganic to organic composition of alveolar bone?

Back 68

70% Inorganic
30% Organic

Front 69

What is the least stable periodontal tissue under constant turnover?

Back 69

Alveolar Bone

Front 70

What cells of the alveolar bone produce the organic matrix of the bone?

Back 70

Osteoblasts

Front 71

What cells of the alveolar bone are the resident cells of the bone?

Back 71

Osteocytes

Front 72

What cells of the alveolar bone produce resorption of the bone?

Back 72

Osteoclasts

Front 73

Which type of cementum is acellular?

Back 73

Primary

Front 74

Which type of cementum is cellular?

Back 74

Secondary

Front 75

Where can primary cementum be found?

Back 75

The cervical one third of one half of the root

Front 76

Where can secondary cementum be found?

Back 76

The apical one third of the root

Front 77

Where is the cementum thickest?

Back 77

Toward the apex

Front 78

What is the vascular supply of the alveolar process, periodontal ligament, and gingiva of the maxilla?

Back 78

Periodontal ligament vessels (From Supraperiosteal branches of Anterior and Posterior Superior Alveolar Arteries, Infraorbital, Greater Palatine Artery)

Intraseptal Arteries (From Superior Alveolar Artery)

Front 79

What is defined as inflammation of the gingiva in the absence of clinical attachment loss?

Back 79

Dental Plaque Associated Gingivitis

Front 80

What is defined as an overgrowth of gingival tissue frequently without a primary inflammatory etiology that may occur in the absence of any periodontitis?

Back 80

Gingival Enlargement (Drug-influenced?)

Front 81

What is defined as inflammation of the gingiva and the adjacent attachment apparatus?

Back 81

Chronic periodontitis

Front 82

What characterizes localized chronic periodontitis?

Back 82

Less than 30% of sites in sextant exhibit attachment loss

Front 83

What are some systemic factors that influence gingival diseases?

Back 83

Puberty
Menstrual Cycle
Pregnancy
Diabetes

Front 84

What types of medications are attributed to gingival enlargement?

Back 84

Seizure
Kidney Transplants
Hypertensive Medications
Ca Channel Blockers

Front 85

What range of attachment loss and probing depths generally constitute slight chronic periodontitis?

Back 85

1-2mm attachment loss
3-5mm of probing depth

Front 86

What range of attachment loss and probing depths generally constitute moderate chronic periodontitis?

Back 86

3-4mm of attachment loss
5-6mm of probing depth

Front 87

What range of attachment loss and probing depths generally constitute severe chronic periodontitis?

Back 87

5+mm of attachment loss
7+mm of probing depth

Front 88

What is defined as distinct types of periodontitis that affect people who, in most cases, otherwise appear healthy with a rapid rate of disease progression?

Back 88

Aggressive Periodontitis

Front 89

What constitutes a localized incidence of aggressive periodontitis?

Back 89

1st molar/incisors

Front 90

(T/F) Metabolic diseases like diabetes or hormonal diseases are often linked with periodontitis.

Back 90

False, Metabolic diseases are not causative of periodontitis

Front 91

What are three types of systemic diseases that are linked to periodontitis?

Back 91

Hematologic Disorders (lukemia, neutropenias)
Immune System Disorders (HIV, transplant patients)
Genetic Disorders (Down Syndrome, cyclic neutropenia)

Front 92

What is a major determining factor in diagnosing necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

Back 92

Severe Pain

Front 93

What bacteria is frequently found present in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

Back 93

Spirochetes

Front 94

What is defined as a localized purulent infection that involves the marginal gingiva or interdental papilla?

Back 94

Gingival Abscess

Front 95

What is defined as a localized purulent infection within the tissues adjacent to the periodontal pocket that may lead to the destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone?

Back 95

Periodontal Abscess

Front 96

What is the diagnosis of AAP Case Type I?

Back 96

Gingivitis

Front 97

What is the diagnosis of AAP Case Type II?

Back 97

Early Periodontitis

Front 98

What is the diagnosis of AAP case type III?

Back 98

Moderate Periodontitis

Front 99

What is the diagnosis of AAP case type IV?

Back 99

Advanced Periodontitis

Front 100

What was the diagnosis of the no longer used AAP case type V?

Back 100

Refractory Periodontitis