Perineum

Front 1

what is the similarity between the inferior pelvic aperture and the perineum?

Back 1

They have the same boundaries

Front 2

what are the boundaries of the perineum

Back 2

pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, tip of coccyx

Front 3

what are the two "triangles" of the perineum?

Back 3

the anal triangle and the urogenital triangle

Front 4

what is the other name of the superficial perineal fascia?

Back 4

Colles' fascia

Front 5

what is colles' fascia continuous with?

Back 5

Scarpa's fascia in the abdomen

Front 6

what does the perineal membrane form?

Back 6

the transverse ligament of the perineum

Front 7

what are the two spaces of the urogenital triangle?

Back 7

the superficial perineal space, and the deep perineal space

Front 8

what are the 3 muscles of the superficial perineal space?

Back 8

ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle

Front 9

what nerve innervates all of the perineum?

Back 9

pudendal nerve

Front 10

action of the ischiocavernosus in females

Back 10

compresses crus of the clitoris

Front 11

is the ischiocavernosus the base or diagonal of the urogenital triangle?

Back 11

diagonal

Front 12

action of the bulbospongiosus in females?

Back 12

compresses erectile tissue and constricts vaginal orifice

Front 13

is the bulbospongiosus the base, diagonal, or vertical portion of the urogenital triangle?

Back 13

the vertical portion, adjacent to the genital

Front 14

action of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

Back 14

stabilizes perineal body

Front 15

what is the perineal body?

Back 15

fibromuscular mass in center of perineum.

Front 16

what is the bulb of vestibule?

Back 16

elongated erectile tissue in the female

Front 17

other name for the greater vestibular glands?

Back 17

Bartholin's glands

Front 18

where are bartholin's glands? what do they do?

Back 18

deep to the vestibular bulb. when compressed, they secrete lubricating mucus into the vagina.

Front 19

what are the 2 muscles of the female deep perineal space?

Back 19

deep transverse perineal muscle, and the sphincter urethrae

Front 20

action of deep transverse perineal muscle?

Back 20

stabilizes perineal body and supports vagina

Front 21

what causes extravasated urine?

Back 21

rupture of the spongy urethra allows urine to fill the superficial perineal space.

Front 22

what are two additional fascial layers of the male genitalia?

Back 22

dartos fascia of the scrotum, superficial fascia of the penis.

Front 23

action of ischiocavernosus in the male?

Back 23

compresses crus and deep dorsal vein of penis, thus maintaining erection.

Front 24

action of bulbospongiosus in the male?

Back 24

compresses the bulb, thus impeding venous return and maintaining erection. also compresses the corpus spongiosum to expel last drops of semen or urine.

Front 25

where does the bulbospongiosus insert in the male?

Back 25

corpus cavernosus and perineal membrane.

Front 26

what are the 3 major things in the male deep perineal space?

Back 26

deep transverse perineal muscle, sphincter urethrae, bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands.

Front 27

where do the Cowper's glands ducts enter?

Back 27

penile urethra

Front 28

what are the two ligaments of the penis?

Back 28

fundiform ligament of penis, and the suspensory ligament of the penis

Front 29

where does the fundiform ligament of the penis arise from?

Back 29

linea alba and Scarpa's fascia.

Front 30

does the fundiform ligament encircle the penis?

Back 30

yes

Front 31

what is the other name of the superficial fascia of the scrotum?

Back 31

Dartos fascia

Front 32

what are the 8 layers of the scrotum, from superficial to deep?

Back 32

skin, dartos fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle, internal spermatic fascia, parietal layer of tunica vaginalis, epididymis, testis covered by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

Front 33

what two arteries supply the scrotum?

Back 33

external pudendal arteries, posterior scrotal branches of internal pudendal arteries.

Front 34

what 4 nerves innervate the scrotum?

Back 34

anterior scrotal branch of ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, posterior scrotal branch of perineal branch of the pudendal nerve, perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Front 35

what are the 3 masses of erectile tissue in the penis?

Back 35

2x corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

Front 36

what 3 things comprise the root of the penis?

Back 36

2 crura+bulb

Front 37

what is the frenulum?

Back 37

small piece of skin at end of penis on ventral side

Front 38

what fascia of the penis is continuous with the external abdominal oblique fascia?

Back 38

deep fascia of the penis (Bucks' fascia)

Front 39

what is the corpus cavernosum covered by (which helps maintain erection)?

Back 39

tunica albuginea

Front 40

what is different about the tunica albuginea covering the corpus spongiosum?

Back 40

it is elastic to allow passage of the semen.

Front 41

what does the deep dorsal vein of the penis run with?

Back 41

dorsal artery and dorsal nerve

Front 42

in what structure is the pudendal canal found?

Back 42

ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae

Front 43

which triangle is the ischiorectal fossae found?

Back 43

anal triangle

Front 44

what is the main muscle of the anal triangle?

Back 44

external anal sphincter

Front 45

what innervates the external anal sphincter?

Back 45

inferior rectal nerve

Front 46

through what do the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery pass to enter the perineum?

Back 46

lesser sciatic foramen

Front 47

what does the internal pudendal artery cross between exiting and entering the sciatic foramina?

Back 47

ischial spine

Front 48

what are the 6 branches of the internal pudendal artery after it passes through the pudendal canal?

Back 48

inferior rectal, deep artery to penis, perineal, artery to bulb, urethral, dorsal artery to penis.

Front 49

what is the lymphatic drainage of the perineum?

Back 49

superficial inguinal nodes-->external iliac nodes-->lumbar (aortic) nodes

Front 50

where do the internal iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from?

Back 50

upper rectum, upper vagina, and other pelvic organs.

Front 51

lymph drainage from superior rectum?

Back 51

drains into inferior mesenteric nodes, then to aortic nodes

Front 52

lymph drainage of ovaries or testes?

Back 52

drains along gonadal vessels directly into the aortic nodes.

Front 53

what is the female homolog of the male corpus spongiosum?

Back 53

bulb of the vestibule

Front 54

what is the male homolog of the labia minus?

Back 54

ventral aspect of the penis

Front 55

what is the female homolog of the bulbourethral glands?

Back 55

greater vestibular glands

Front 56

what are the three branches of the pudendal nerve?

Back 56

inferior rectal nerve, dorsal nerve, and perineal nerve