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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The nurse is assessing a 6 month old healthy infant who weighed 3.2kg at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately how many kilograms?
a) 5.2 b) 6.3 c) 8.7 d) 9.7 |
6.3
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Which of the following reflexes appear at about 7 to 9 months of age?
a) Moro b) Parachute c) Neck righting d) Labyrinth righting |
parachute
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In terms of fine motor development, what should the infant of 7 months be able to do?
a) Transfer objects from one hand to the other b) Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp c) Hold crayon and make a mark on paper d) Release cubes into a cup |
Transfer objects from one hand to the other
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The nurse is assessing a 6 month old infant who has head lag. The nurse should recognize which of the following?
a) This is normal b) Child is probably cognitively impaired c) Developmental-neurologic evaluation is needed d) Parent needs to work with infant to stop head lag |
Developmental-neurologic evaluation is needed
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According to Erikson, infancy is concerned with acquiring a sense of which of the following?
a) Trust b) Industry c) Initiative d) Autonomy |
Trust
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Which of the following behaviours indicates that an infant has developed object permanence?
a) Secures objects by pulling on a string b) Actively searches for a hidden object c) Recognizes familiar face, such as mother d) Recognizes familiar object, such as bottle |
Actively searches for a hidden object
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The parent of a 10 week old infant tells the nurse, "She cries sometimes when nothing is wrong - for example, when she is dry and has recently been fed." The most appropriate nursing intervention is which of the following?
a) Reassure parent that nothing is wrong b) Explain how to better interpret infant cues c) Evaluate for failure of parents to bond with infant d) Reassure parent that periods of "unexplained fussiness" are normal |
Reassure parent that periods of unexplained fussiness are normal
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Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks of gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child, who was full term. The nurse should explain that:
a) Infants tend to become more difficult over time b) Infants become less difficult if they are kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines c) Sara's behaviour is suggestive of failure to completely bond with her parents d) Sara's difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period |
Infants become less difficult if they are kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines
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The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their child. Which of the following is especially important to consider when making the selection?
a) Health practices of facility b) Structured learning environment c) Socioeconomic status of children d) Cultural similarities of children |
Health practices of facility
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A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breast-feeding her 5 month old infant. The nurse should recommend that the infant be given:
a) Skim milk b) Whole cow's milk c) Commerical formula without iron d) Commercial iron-fortified formula |
Commercial iron-fortified formula
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What information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy?
a) Fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first b) Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals 5 to 7 days c) Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant d) Solid foods should not introduced until 8 to 10 months when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear |
Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 5 to 7 days
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The parents of a 3 month old girl complain to the nurse that they are exhausted because she still wakes up as often as every 1 to 2 hours during the night. When she awakens, they change her diaper, and her mother nurses her back to sleep. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to help them deal with this problem?
a) Let her cry herself back to sleep b) Put her in parents bed to cuddle c) Start putting her to bed while still awake while the parent is present d) Give her a bottle of formula instead of breast-feeding her so often |
Start putting her to bed while still awake while the parent is present
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Which of the following vaccines is recommended for administration at birth?
a) MMR b) Hepatitis B c) Hepatitis A d) Haemophilus influenzae type b |
Hepatitis B
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The clinic is loaning a deferally approved car seat to a 10 pound (4.5kg) infants family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is in the:
a) Back seat facing forward b) Middle of the back seat facing rearward c) Front seat with airbags on passenger side d) Front seat if there is no air bag on the passenger side |
Middle of the back seat facing forward
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Stereopsis; begins to develop by age 7 to 9 months.
a) Binocularity b) Depth perception c) Visual preference |
Depth perception
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The fixation of two ocular images into one cerebral picture (fusion); begins to develop by 6 weeks of age and should be well established by age 4 months.
a) Binocularity b) Depth perception c) Visual preference |
Binocularity
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For infants, looking at the human face.
a) Binocularity b) Depth perception c) Visual preference |
Visual preference
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Heart rate that increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration.
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Sinus arrhythmia
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Begins to slow in infants and is relatively stable.
a) Respiratory rate b) Heart rate |
Respiratory rate
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During infancy, this rate slows down, with sinus arrhythmia commonly seen.
a) Respiratory rate b) Heart rate |
Heart rate
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The presence of fetal hemoglobin for the first 5 months.
a) Hematopoietic changes b) Physiologic anemia c) Digestive process |
Hematopoietic changes
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Immature at birth; human milk compensates for the first several months
a) Hematopoietic changes b) Physiologic anemia c) Digestive process |
Digestive process
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Caused by high levels of fetal hemoglobin, which is thought to depress the production of erythropoietin
a) Hematopoietic changes b) Physiologic anemia c) Digestive process |
Physiologic anemia
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Amylase; present in small amounts in the newborn but usually has little effect.
a) Ptyalin b) Amylase c) Lipase d) Trypsin |
Ptyalin
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Pancreatic enzyme needed for digestion of complex carbohydrates.
a) Ptyalin b) Amylase c) Lipase d) Trypsin |
Amylase
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Enzyme needed to achieve adult levels of fat absorption.
a) Ptyalin b) Amylase c) Lipase d) Trypsin |
Lipase
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Secreted in sufficient quantities to catabolize protein into polypeptides and some amino acids in infants
a) Ptyalin b) Amylase c) Lipase d) Trypsin |
Trypsin
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Deglutition; the ability to collect the food and propel it into the esophagus.
a) Suckling b) Sucking c) Swallowing |
Swallowing
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The term often used to denote breast-feeding.
a) Suckling b) Sucking c) Swallowing |
Suckling
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Appears in utero as early as 15 to 18 weeks of gestation with maturation synchronized with swallowing and breathing patterns by 36 to 38 weeks.
a) Suckling b) Sucking c) Swallowing |
Sucking
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Somatic reflex in which the tongue remains behind the central incisors and the mandible no longer thrusts forward; tongue pressure and movement against the hard palate push the food back into the pharynx.
a) Infantile swallow reflex b) Mature swallow reflex c) Santmyer swallow |
Mature swallow reflex
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Visceral reflex in which food lies in a shallow groove on the top of the tongue and the fluid flows by gravity down the tongue and along the sides of the mouth; efficient for fluids but not for solids.
a) Infantile swallow reflex b) Mature swallow reflex c) Santmyer swallow |
Infantile swallow reflex
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A special reflex exhibited by infants when a puff of air is directed at the face.
a) Infantile swallow reflex b) Mature swallow reflex c) Santmyer swallow |
Santmyer swallow
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Receives a significant amount of maternal protection until infant is about 3 months of age.
a) Immunologic system b) Endocrine system c) Renal structure |
Immunologic system
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Complete maturity of this system occurs during the latter half of the second year; predisposes the infant to dehydration.
a) Immunologic system b) Endocrine system c) Renal structure |
Renal structures
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Adequately developed at birth but functions are immature.
a) Immunologic system b) Endocrine system c) Renal structure |
Endocrine system
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Comprises 78% of the body weight at birth.
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Total body fluid
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Propelling forward on hands and knees with belly off floor; usually occurs at around 9 months.
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Creeping
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The phase in which the infant is concerned, according to Erikson.
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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A stage of the sensorimotor period; lasts until 8 months of age; primary circular reactions are repeated and prolonged for the response that results; phase in which grasping and holding become shaking, banging and pulling.
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Secondary circular reactions
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Process of giving up one method of feeding for another; usually refers to relinquishing the breast or bottle for a cup.
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Weaning
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Primary narcissism
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Total concern for oneself
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Reaching out to others; initially reflexive; has powerful social meaning for the parents.
a) Grasping b) Play c) Affect d) Cognition |
Grasping
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The ability to know; most commonly explained by Piaget's theory of development.
a) Grasping b) Play c) Affect d) Cognition |
Cognition
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Mental representations; a major intellectual achievement of the sensorimotor period.
a) Object permanence b) Symbols c) Imitation d) Play |
Symbols
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A crucial event in the sensorimotor phase, in which infants learn to detach themselves from other objects in the environment.
a) Separation b) Object permanence c) Solitary play d) Spoiled child syndrome |
Separation
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The term used by Piaget to describe the period from birth to 24 months.
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Sensorimotor phase
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Marks the beginning of the replacement of reflexive behaviour with voluntary acts in the sensorimotor period; occurs from 1 to 4 months; sucking and grasping become deliberate acts to elicit certain responses.
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Primary circular reactions
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The realization that objects which exit the visual field still exist; a major accomplishment for the infant in the sensorimotor phase.
a) Separation b) Object permanence c) Solitary play d) Spoiled child syndrome |
Object permanence
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Identifies the first stage of the sensorimotor period; the experience of perceiving patterns or ordering; provides a foundation of the subsequent stages.
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Use of reflexes
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Occurs during the fourth sensorimotor stage of Piaget; characterized by infants using previous behaviour achievements as the foundation of the subsequent stages.
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Secondary schemas
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The type of play that infants engage in;p denotes one-sided play.
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Solitary play
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Excessive self-centered and immature behaviour resulting from the failure of parents to enforce consistent age-appropriate limits.
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Spoiled child syndrome
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If the infant weighs 8kg at age 5 months, about how many kilograms was his or her probable birth weight?
a) 7.0 b) 6.0 c) 4.0 d) 15.0 |
4.0
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If the infant's head circumference is 46cm at 6 months, how many centimeters would you expect his or her head circumference to be at 8 months?
a) 46.5 b) 47 c) 47.5 d) 49 |
47
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The infants posterior fontanel usually closes by:
a) 6 to 8 weeks b) 3 to 6 months c) 12 to 18 months d) 9 to 12 months |
6 to 8 weeks
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Which of the following statements is true about the proportion of the chest at the end of the infant's first year?
a) The contour of the chest is more like a neonate's than an adults b) The anteroposterior diameter is larger than the lateral diameter c) The chest is small in relation to the size of the heart d) The chest circumference is about equal to the head circumference |
The chest circumference is about equal to the head circumference
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Of the following characteristics of vision, the one that is developed at the earliest age is:
a) Binocularity b) Stereopsis c) Corneal reflex d) Convergence |
Corneal reflex
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The characteristic of the respiratory system that predisposes the infant to middle ear infection is the:
a) Short, angled eustachian tube b) short, straight eustachian tube c) Close proximity of the trachea to the bronchi d) Size of the lumen of the eustachian tube |
Short, straight eustachian tube
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The nurse can expect that an infant will begin to respond discriminately to others, particularly the mother, and respond by crying, smiling, and vocalizing about:
a) 10 months of age b) 8 months of age c) 2 months of age d) Birth |
2 months of age
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Of the following hematopoietic changes, the one that is considered abnormal in the first 5 months of life is:
a) Low iron levels b) Physiologic anemia c) Presence of fetal hemoglobin d) Low hemoglobin level |
Low iron levels
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All of the following digestive processes are deficient in an infant about 3 months except:
a) Amylase b) Lipase c) Saliva d) Trypsin |
Trypsin
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The __________ is the most immature of all the gastrointestinal organs throughout infancy.
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Liver
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The purpose of nonnutritive sucking is to:
a) Satisfy the basic sucking urge b) Take in food c) Collect food and propel it into the esophagus d) Provide an efficient way to process fluids |
Satisfy the basic sucking urge
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After birth, maximum levels of immunoglobulin A, D, and E in humans are:
a) Reached during infancy b) Attained in early childhood c) Transferred from the mother d) Reached before 9 months of age |
Attained in early childhood
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During the first 6 months, the infant is gradually better insulated by:
a) Increased shivering b) Increased adipose tissue c) Dilation of the capillaries d) Constriction of the capillaries |
Increased adipose tissue
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The infant is predisposed to a more rapid loss of total body fluid and dehydration because:
a) Of a high proportion of extracellular fluid b) Of a high proportion of intracellular fluid c) Total body water is at about 40% d) Extracellular fluid is 20% of the total |
Of a high proportion of extracellular fluid
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Complete maturity of the kidney occurs:
a) At birth b) By 6 months c) By 1 year d) By 24 months |
By 24 months
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The expected immaturity of the infant's functioning endocrine system will be demonstrated in the infant's:
a) Growth patterns b) Thyroid levels c) Homeostatic control d) Immunoglobulin levels |
Homeostatic control
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Fine motor development is evaluated in the 10 month old infant by observing the:
a) Ability to stack blocks b) Pincer grasp c) Righting reflexes d) Tonic neck reflex |
Pincer grasp
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Of the following characteristics, the one that disappears by about 3 months of age and prevents the infant from rolling over is the:
a) Ability to stack blocks b) Pincer grasp c) Righting reflexes d) Tonic neck reflex |
Tonic neck reflex
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Which of the following assessment findings would be considered most abnormal?
a) Infant displays head lag at 3 months of age b) The motor quotient is 65 c) Infant begins to sit unsupported at 9 months of age d) The motor quotient is 86 |
The motor quotient is 65
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If parents are concerned about the fact that their 14 month old infant is not walking, the nurse should evaluate he cephalocaudal gross motor skill patterns and particularly evaluate whether the infant:
a) Pulls up on the furniture b) Uses a pincer grasp c) Transfer objects d) Has developed object permanence |
Pulls up on the furniture
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The factor that best determines the quality of the infant's formulation of trust is the:
a) Quality of the interpersonal relationships b) Degree of mothering skill c) Quantity of the mother's breast milk d) Length of suckling time |
Quality of the interpersonal relationships
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According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the three crucial events of the sensorimotor phase are:
a) Trust, readjustment, and the regulation of frustration b) Separation, object permanence, and mental representation c) Imitation, personality development, and temperament d) Ordering, comfort, and satisfaction with his or her body |
Separation, object permanence, and mental representation
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The development of gender identity is reported to begin:
a)After the first year b) During the phallic stage c) In utero d) At puberty |
In utero
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Parenting:
a) Is an instinctual ability b) Is a learned, acquired process c) Begins shortly after birth d) Shapes the infant's environment positively |
Is a learned, acquired process
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Separation anxiety and stranger fear normally begins to appear by:
a) 4 weeks b) 6 months c) 14 months d) 4 years |
6 months
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A maltreated child who manifests behaviors such as limited eye contact and poor impulse control may be suffering from:
a) Separation anxiety b) Stranger fear c) Reactive attachment disorder d) Spoiled child syndrome |
Reactive attachment disorder
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Which of the following play activities would be least appropriate to suggest to parents for their 3 month old infant?
a) Provide bright objects b) Use rattles c) Use an infant swing d) Place infant on floor to crawl and roll |
Place infant on floor to crawl and roll
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If parents are concerned about "spoiling" their child, the nurse should encourage them to respond to the newborn's crying episodes with:
a) A delayed response of holding the infant b) A prompt response of holding the infant c) Letting the infant cry a little d) Maintaining a feeding schedule |
A prompt response a holding the infant
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Which of the following examples provides the best evidence that the child is being spoiled by the parents?
a) The child who has a difficult temperament and a short attention span b) The toddler who has a temper tantrum c) The infant who has colic d) The child who always exhibits intrusive manipulative behavior |
The child who always exhibits intrusive manipulative behavior
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Limit setting and discipline should begin in:
a) Middle childhood or adolescence b) Infancy, with voice tone and eye contact c) Early infancy, with voice tone and eye contact d) Infancy, with time-out in a chair for misbehavior |
Early infancy, with voice tone and eye contact
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To decrease dependence on nonnutritive sucking in young infants, the best strategy for the nurse to recommend would be able to:
a) Provide a homemade pacifier b) Prolong the time the infant is fed c) Restrain the sucking fingers d) Prohibit the use of a pacifier |
Prolong the time the infant is fed
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A 12 month old infant would be likely to have:
a) 2 teeth b) 4 teeth c) 6 teeth d) 12 teeth |
6 teeth
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Which of the following techniques is recommended to assist in weaning an infant?
a) Gradually replace one bottle-feeding or breast-feeding at a time b) Always wean to a bottle first c) Always wean directly to a cup d) Eliminate the nighttime feeding first |
Gradually replace one bottle-feeding or breast-feeding at a time
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From birth to 6 months of age, the breast-feeding mother should supplement the breast milk with:
a) Formula b) Nothing c) Water d) Vitamin D |
Vitamin D
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The greatest threat to successful breast-feeding for the employed mother is:
a) Lack of feeding options b) Danger of bacterial contamination c) Fatigue d) Inefficient breast pumping |
Fatigue
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If sweetening of the infant's home-prepared foods is performed, the risk for botulism can be avoided by using:
a) Honey b) Corn syrup c) Refined sugar d) None of the above |
Refined sugar
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When introducing new food, the parents should not:
a) Decrease the quantity of the infant's milk b) Mix food with formula to feed through a nipple c) Introduce new foods in small amounts d) Offer the new food by itself at first |
Mix food with formula to feed through a nipple
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The best place for the infant car restraint is in the:
a) Back seat of the car, facing back b) Back seat of the car, facing front c) Front passenger seat of the car, with an air bag, facing front d) Front passenger seat of the car without an air bag, facing back |
Back seat of the car, facing back
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