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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Poor growth cause by underlying medical conditions?
Name 3 examples |
Organic FTT
IBD, Renal disease, congenital heart conditions |
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How much food do infants need in the first year of life?
After the first year? How much to catch up from FTT? |
120 kcal/kg/day
100 kcal/kg/day Additional 50-100% |
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FTT c low bicarb. and acidotic urine
Tx? |
Renal tubular acidosis
Oral bicarbonate supplementation |
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infant c developmental delay, intrauterine growth retardation (including microcephaly), cataracts, seizures, hepatosplenomegaly, prolonged neonate jaundice, and purpura at birth
CT findings? |
CMV or toxoplasmosis infection
CMV - Calcified brain densities of CMZ in periventricular pattern Toxo - throughout the cortex |
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When do kids go through "picky eater" phase?
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18-30 months
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What recreational drug is associate with nystagmus?
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PCP
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Incidence of down syndrome?
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35 = 1:400
40 = 1:100 45 = 1:10 |
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What does a triple screen measure and when should one do it?
Sensitivity? |
AFP, hCG, estriol
15-20 weeks 60% of DS, and 90% neural tube defects are detected |
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What are the 2 major complications of infants with Down Syndrome?
Frequency? |
50% c cardiac defects
60% endocardial cushion, 30%VSD, Tetralogy of Fallot 5% 12% c intestinal atresia (usually duodenal) "double bubble sign" |
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MAO of Down syndrome
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95% nondysjunction, or failure of chromosomal migration
Others are Translocation or Mosaics |
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How is HIV transmitted to infants?
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Vertical Transmission
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How do you dx HIV in child <18months? Why?
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HIV PCR, bc of maternal antigen
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How do you dx HIV in ages >18 months?
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HIV antibody ELISA and subsequent Western blot for comfirmation
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Tx for infant of HIV + mother? (2)
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Zidovudine 6 weeks of prophylaxis started in first few hours of life
TMP SMZ for PCP prophylaxis at 6weeks of age if infant is HIV + |
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What immunizations does one avoid c HIV+ infants?
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Live Attenuated
ex. MMR, Varicella |
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What sign and sx would lead one to expect LAD? (leukocyte adhesion defiency) (2)
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neutrophilia
intact umbilical cord |
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Boot shaped heart and thyroid aplasia?
MAO? |
DiGeorge Syndrome 22q11 microdeletion
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Best diagnostic test for Fragile X?
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DNA analysis showing expanded Xq27.3 (distal long arm???)
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Breast milk contains high concentrations of what Ig?
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IgA
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3 disadvantages of human breast milk?
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1. HIV transmitting
2. Jaundice exacerbation due to inc. uncon. bilirubin 3. Low Vit K level - contributes to hemorrhagic disease of newborns |
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Define these
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fancone, edwards, patua
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What kind of milk for infant with PKU?
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low in phenyalanine
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Mothers and infants that are vegan need what supplement?
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B12
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Breastfeeding is associated with a lower incidence of what?
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Diarrhea, reduction of enteric pathogens
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What test is need for Vitamins KADE def?
S/S? |
Sweat test for CF
K - bleeding probs, A - fontanelle fullness, E - hemolytic anemia |
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Which immunizations are CI c egg allergy?
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Yellow Fever, Influenza
Yellow, Flu, Egg |
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What vaccines are CI in immunosupressed (except assymptomatic HIV) and pregnancy
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Live vaccine:
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Name common flu:
neonate 6 week toddler adolescent |
neonate - GBS
6 week - chlamydia toddler - RSV adolescent - Mycoplasma |
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Common test for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae
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Nucleic acid amplification test (naat)
followed by definitive culture |
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Genetic finding in CF?
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Long arm of Ch 7
MC single phenylalanine deletion at AA 508 |
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What is meconium ileus?
It is almost always ass. c what? TX? |
insipissated meconium obstructing the distal ileum
CF Surgical emergency |
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How can CF cause bulging fontanelles?
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Vit A def resulting in pseudotumor cerebri
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What are two types of FTT and what is the difference?
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Nonorganic FTT - poor growth s medical etiology. 33% of cases. Related to poverty, poor mom-baby relationship
Organic - caused by underlying medical reason |
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MC workup for FTT?
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CBC
lead lvl UA and culture Serum e- (Ca, BUN, Cr) |
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MC presentation of adolescent new onset behavior change declining grades, depression, problems c law?
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Drug abuse
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What drug causes hypersalivation, nystagmus, inc. verbal swearing?
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pcp (phencyclidine)
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What is the dif. bt association, syndrome, sequence?
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association - features of an unknown cause with higher freq. than expected
Syndrome - constellation of features c common cause sequence - single defect c subsequent abnormalities |
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What is the association, VATER?
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Vertebral, Anal, Trachea, Esophageal, Radius/Renal
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Presentation of duodenal atresia? Association?
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(10% complication of DS)
polyhydramnios persistent bilious vomiting after feeding "double bubble" XR |
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Other newborn complication of DS?
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hearing loss, strabismus, cataracts, congenital hypothyriodism, cervical vertebrae instability,
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Low set, malformed ears, microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, inguinal hernias, cleft lip/palate, micrognathia?
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trisomy 18, Edward's Syndrome
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Microcephaly, sloping forehead, cutis aplasia (missing portion of hair/skin) of scalp, polydactlyl, microphthalmia (small eye), omphalocele?
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trisomy 13, Patau syndrome
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What is vertical transmission?
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Vertical transmission, also known as Mother-to-child transmission refers to transmission of an infection, such as HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C, from mother to child during the perinatal period, the period immediately before and after birth. It is a term also used in population genetics to describe inheritance of an allele or condition from either the father or mother.
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In AIDs, what amt. of RNA is ass. c worse outcome?
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RNA >100,000/mL
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What are the types of HIV drugs?
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pg 62
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SCID has what type of inheritance?
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x-linked or AR
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What is Leukocyte adhesion disorder?
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d/o of leukocyte chemotaxis and adherence, recurrent infections c delayed wound healing (cord still attached)
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What is the MC inheritable form of MR and what is the incidence?
Typical IQ range? |
Fragile X, Xq27.3, 1 in 2000
30-55 |
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What would be a concern of a baby drinking only goat's milk? (3)
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Megablastic anemia from folate or B12 def.
Low in Iron, Vit D, Vit K Brucellosis if milk is unpasteurized |
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Which Ig is high conc. in breast milk?
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IgA
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What is methylmalonic acidemia and what is given to prevent it?
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Infant dev. from vegan mom's - an aa d/o involving a defect in the conversion of mm CoA to succinyl CoA
B12 |
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What race is rickets more common? Why?
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Blacks, less converstion of Vit D
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8 mo old c chronic biliary atresia, poor bone mineralization, and a fracture
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ricketts
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Best dx test for rickets?
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serum 25(OH) vit d?
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