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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
five criteria for apgar score?
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HR, color, breathing, reflex irritability, muscle tone
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three reasons why newborns are def. in vit. K?
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hepatic immaturity, poor ability to cross placenta, and absence of intestinal flora to produce it
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classic hemorrhage in newborn?
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localized or diffuse ecchymoses in otherwise healthy baby breastfed >24hrs. y/o
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exams used to figure gestational age?
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dubowitz or ballard
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low birth weight?
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<2500g
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ext. low birth weight?
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<1500g
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macrosomia?
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>4000g
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ecchymoses of overlying skin in skull that cross suture line?
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caput succedaneum
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subperiosteal hemorrhage in baby?
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cephalohematoma
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length of time of recovery from erb-duchenne palsy in newborn?
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3-6mo.
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which reflex absent in erb-duchenne in kids?
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moro reflex
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which reflex absent in klumpke?
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grab reflex
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phrenic nerve injury associated with which brachial plexus palsy?
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erb-duchenne
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horner's syndrome associated with which brachial plexus palsy?
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klumpke
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congenital absnece of orbicular angularis muscle and immobile motionless face?
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mobius syndrome (absence of CN VII)
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normal EEG background rythym in adults?
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alpha waves (10-12Hz)
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Hz range in delta rhythm?
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2-3Hz
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Hz range in beta rhythm?
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12-14 Hz
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Hz range in theta rhythm?
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5-6 Hz
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defining rhythm in infantile spasm?
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hipsarrhythmia (1-3Hz spike)
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defining rhythm of benign rolandic epilepsy?
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rolandic spikes
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family history of similar spells of myoclonic movements in neonates?
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benign neonatal familial convulsions
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this type of neonatal seizure can occurs out to 4-6wks. of age ?
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withdrawal seizures
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tx. of withdrawal seizures in neonates?
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supportive care
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age which benign infantile myoclonic epilepsy begins and ends?
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2-4 y/o
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drug of choice for absence seizures?
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ethosuximide
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seizure with no predisposition with normal labs and tests?
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febrile seizure
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male predominance with common verbal outbreaks at night?
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benign rolandic epilepsy
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treatment of infantile spasms?
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IV ACTH
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seizure associated with auto dominant tuberous sclerosis?
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infantile spasm
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profoundly retarded children with mult. seizure types?
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lennox-gastaut syndrome
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developmentally normal children that begins to have auditory agnosia and loss of speech, with continuous seizure activity during sleep?
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landau-kleffner syndrome
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which symptom will continue to persist in landau-kleffner syndrome?
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speech impairment unless treated early with IV ACTH
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status epilepticus or partial with gradual hemiplegia and intellectual loss?
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rasmussen's syndrome
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etiology of rasmussen's?
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viral inducement of antibodies against gluR3 receptors in brain, usually one side.
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myoclonic jerks upons awakening, hx. of absence seizures, and generalized seizure around 15-16 after sleep deprivation?
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juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
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tx. of JME?
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depakote and lamictal
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systemic disorders in children which can present with seizures?
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SLE, and HSV
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myoclonic jerks caused by reflux stimulating the vagus nerve in 0-1 y/o?
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sandeifer's syndrome
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mc fx. seen in abuse?
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skull fx.
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mc location of the rib fx.?
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post. fx. resulting from squeezing
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constellation found in shaken baby?
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subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and skeletal fx.
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which IV fluid contain Ca and K?
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lactate ringer
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two disadvantage of lactate ringers?
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-contains Ca, that may bind to citrate in blood causing clots, or interact with other drugs
-liver failure pts. will be unable to convert lactate to bicarb, resulting in met. acidosis |
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common IV order for babies and reasons?
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D5W or D10W w/(1/4)NS b/c they do not have glucose storage and kidney cannot handle high sodium low
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cardiac anomaly associated with WPW?
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Ebstein's anomaly, tx. is PGE1 for PDA patency and propranolol for arrythmia
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widely split S2 and diastolic rumble indicates what?
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ASD
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non-bilious vomiting usually in 2wks-2mo olds indicate?
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pyloric stenosis, tx. is surgery
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episodic, violent colicky pain in 2mo-2y/o indicates?
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intussuception, tx. with barium reduction
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biliary emesis in under 1mo. most likely?
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volvulus; tx. is surgery
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which plexus involved in hirschprung's?
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myenteric
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meckel's is remnant of which duct?
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omphalomesenteric
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main sx. of meckel's?
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painless rectal bleeding with peak incidence around 2y/o
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tx. for minimal change disease of kidney?
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prednisone for 4wks
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tx. for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?
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treat with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone
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crescent formation in glomeruli indicates?
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rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
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urine AG calculation?
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N+K-Cl
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negative urine AG indicates what disease?
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proximal RTA
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which RTA commonly associated with obstructive uropathy?
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distal RTA type IV (acidosis and hyperkalemia)
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one sx. commonly found in kids with chronic renal failure?
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growth failure
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serious complication of dialysis?
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DDS(dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome), cerebral edema caused by dialysis
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infantile polycystic kidney disease also involves what other organ?
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lungs, causing mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia
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one contraindication to circumcision?
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hypospadias
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tx. for vesicoureteral reflux?
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prophylactic bactrim
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long term side effect of valproic acid on peds?
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hepatic necrosis
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side effect of long term phenobarbitals on peds?
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behavioral disturbances
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mental change, stupor, and hyperammonemia in peds indicates?
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reye's syndrome from ASA tx. causing encephalopathy and liver dysfunction
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symptoms and common comorbidity of sturge-weber syndrome?
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seizures and glaucoma
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adrenoleukodystrophy?
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adrenal prob plus demyelination causing spastcity and extensor posturing
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late childhood onset progressive ataxia, weakness, and muscle wasting?
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friedreich's ataxia
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skin abnormalities found in tuberous sclerosis?
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facial angiofibromas, ash-leaf spots, shagreen(abnormal thickening in lumbar region), sebaceous adenomas, and hyperpigmented forehead
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retinal hamartomas, CNS vascular abnormalities, renal and adrenal carcinoma?
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von-hippau-lindau
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peds prone to strep, h. influ, staph, and pseudo infections may have which congenital immunodeficiency?
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X-linked (Burton's) agammaglobulinemia; absence of B-cells
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peds prone to respiratory, GI, and urinary infections may have which congenital immunodeficiency?
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selective IgA def.
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recurrent pulmonary infections with thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hypothyroidism, and neutropenia may indicate?
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hyper IgM syndrome(defect in B-cell class switching)
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allergic triad?
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allergic rhinitis, reactive airway disease, and atopic dermatitis
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which cardiac anomaly associated with DiGeorge syndrome?
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trucus arteriosis
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electrolyte defect found in DiGeorge?
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hypocalcemia
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chronic or recurrent infections by catalase positive organisms may indicate?
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chronic granulomatous disease
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thrombocytopenia, eczema, and immunodeficiency indicates?
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wiskott-aldrich syndrome
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serpiginous rash on hand and feet in peds?
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serum sickness(type III hypersensitivity)
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eye disorder often associated with juvenile RA?
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uveitis
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tx. of juvenile RA?
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methotrexate
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phases of kawasaki disease?
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acute(10 days of fever and possible meningitis, pericarditis, and myocarditis), subacute(days 11-21 desquamation), convalescent(coronary art. aneurysms)
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infectious phase of varicella?
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24hrs. before rash onset until all lesions are crusted over
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PKU is deficiency in?
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phenylalanine hydroxylase (Phe to Tyr)
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mode of inheritance for all inborn errors of metabolism?
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autosomal recessive except for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(x-linked recessive)
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metbolic disorder presenting with marfan like appearance?
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homocystinuria
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liver, renal, and catarct problems in first days of life?
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galactosemia
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which head bleed does not cross suture line?
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cephalohematoma
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jaundice occurs at what bilirubin levels in neonates and children?
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5mg/dL in neonates, 2mg/dL in children
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indirect bilirubin level greater than what can cause kernicturus?
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25mg/dL
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sx. of kernicturus?
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lethargy, hypotonia, and high-pitched cry
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which street drug can cause NEC?
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cocaine
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medical tx. for crigler-najjar syndrome?
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hepatic enzyme induction by phenobarbital
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respiratory stimulants for tx. of apnea of prematurity?
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caffeine, aminophylline, doxapram
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hyperviscosity syndrome appears when Hct is at what level?
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above 65%
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tx. of peds polycythemia?
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partial exchange perfusion, replacing RBC with NS
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grades of IVH?
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I-confined to germinal matrix
II- ventricular hemorrhage III-ventriculomegaly IV-brain parenchyma involvement |
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test to identifiy swallowed maternal blood?
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apt test
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infant with thick lips, large tongue, and periorbital edema most likely has?
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hypothyroidism
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tx. of toxo?
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pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine with folic acid
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purple skin lesion along with eye, ear, growth infection in newborn?
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rubella infection
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bone deformities and other non-specific symptoms in newborn indicates which infection?
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syphilis
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staccato cough in infant indicates?
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chylamidial pneumonia
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tx. for infant sepsis?
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ampicillin and gentamycin. Use cefotaxime when meningeal involvement is suspected
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double bubble sign on x-ray in newborn indicates?
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duodenal atresia
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tracheoesophageal fistula can be part of what syndrome?
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VACTREL syndrome(vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheal, renal, esophageal, limb anomalies)
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tx. of omphalocele?
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broad spec abx, and surgery. DO NOT reduce.
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