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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What causes most seizures in children?
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Most are caused by somatic disorders originating OUTSIDE the brain (e.g. fever, infection, trauma, hypoxia, syncope, toxins, cardiac arrhythmias
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What causes <1/3 of seizures in children?
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epilepsy (seizure disorder).
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This type of seizure is caused by rapid rise in temperature (>102F).
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Febrile Seizures
(peak @ 14-18 mo) |
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Charateristics of ______ seizures:
--Duration = few secs10 mins (max 15) --Generalized tonic-clonic --Brief post ictal phase --No repetition of seizure same day |
Febrile Seizures (MCC of childhood seizure)
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Childhood seizure characterized by sudden cessation of body activity and speech accompanied by blank stare +/- flickering of eyelids.
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Absence (Petit Mal) Seizures
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Absence seizures typically last 30 ____, greater incidence in girls, and onset is between 5-12 yo.
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seconds
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Which seizure's EEG shows a a 3-cycle/sec spike-wave pattern?
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Absence (Petit Mal) Seizures
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Prognosis of Absence seizures?
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Nearly 90% become seizure free if of normal intelligence, with normal neurological exam, normal background EEG, and no personal or family history of other types of seizures
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Treatment of Absence seizures?
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1. Ethosuximide (anti-convulsant)
2. Clonzaepam, nitrazapam 3. Valproic Acid |
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What are two conditions that MIMIC epilepsy in children?
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1. Cyanotic Spells
2. Pallid spells |
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This childhood condition that mimic epilepsy occurs suddenly during sleep, the child appears TERRIFIED, and can be caused by inadequate sleep.
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Night Terrors
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What are some common sources of lead?
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1. lead in house paint, batteries, glazed crockery cookware, lead pipes or brass fittings, spices purchased abroad…
2. Also PASSIVE transfer through the placenta |
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Neurotoxin associated with decreased scores on cognitive testing (lifelong), distractibility, impulsivity, decreased organizational ability, reading disability, aggressive behavior
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Lead
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Current evidence indicates measurable intellectual deficits at levels < ______ mcg/dL (0.48 mcmol/L) of Lead
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10.
Current acceptable BLL (1991) by the CDC and AAP are 0-10 mcg/dl |
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High fetal doses of _________ MR, spastic paralysis, fetal death; lower doses deficits in neuromotor performance, memory, language, cognition
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Mercury
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Common sources of mercury?
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coal-burning power plants and incinerators
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Banned in the USA since the 1970’s. but residues persist. They have a long half-life, are lipophilic, ascend in the food chain, cross the placenta freely
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PCB’s (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
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High-level fetal exposure low birth weight, DARK skin pigmentation, early tooth eruption, acneform rash, death. Survivors exhibit delays in sensory-motor and cognitive abilities and behavioral disorders
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PCB’s (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
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Exposure ubiquitous, but occurs mostly @ HOME!
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Environmental Tobacco Smoke
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What common neurotoxin can cause SIDS?
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Environmental Tobacco Smoke
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What group of toxins inhibit brain acetylcholinesterase, decrease brain DNA and RNA synthesis, suppress neurite outgrowth, inhibit cell replication and differentiation abnormal brain cytoarchitecture?
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Insecticides
All are designed to be neurotoxic! |
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_____________experiences with the social environment are critical to the development of brain tissue.
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Early
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There is a brain growth spurt in the human brain that begins during the __________trimester of gestation and continues through the _____________year of life.
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last, second
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This growth spurt is not equal throughout the brain, but is led by the __________brain, which is the dominant brain for the first three years after birth.
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Right
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Clinical psychology and psychiatry’s move from cognition to _____________as the central force in psychopathology and psychotherapy
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emotion
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Evidence that the brain’s self regulatory mechanisms develop experientially through affective experiences that are embedded in an _____________relationship.
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attachment
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What locations of the brain are associated with developing emotion in a child?
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Right brain-->Affective States
Limbic system--> info to guide behavior, adaptation to new environments, and organize new learning. |
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At ________weeks of age an infant develops a dramatic progression of social-emotional capacity manifest by intense mutual gazing with the primary caretaker (usually the mother)
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8
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Synchronized emotional exchange generating increasing levels of joy and excitement (which the mother facilitates by her attunement to the infant’s internal arousal state, regulates, and communicates back to him/her)
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Self-Regulation (8weeks)
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The infant brain "learns" or becomes p____________ o_______________ to receive, express, communicate, and to tolerate negative affect/stress.
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physically organized.
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Further evidence that early life experience produces actual structural and metabolic brain changes which are permanent is derived from the study of the neurobiology of child ____________.
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Abuse
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Because childhood ABUSE occurs during the critical formative time when the brain is being PHYSICALLY sculpted by EXPERIENCE, the impact of severe stress can leave an indelible imprint on its S_______________and F________________.
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structure
function |
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Therefore, child abuse appears to be a disorder that cannot be ‘cured’ by psychological treatment, but a cycle that must be broken by ______________.
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prevention
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