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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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age when child sits up unsupported
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by 6 mo
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age when child begins walking alone
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1 yr
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age when child can draw a circle
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36 mo/ 3 yr
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age when child starts running
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18 mo
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things a child should perform by 3months age
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support his/her weight with forearms
open hand spontaneously laugh |
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things a child should perform by 6 mo
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Sit
Transfer objects Show likes and dislikes babble |
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things a child should perform by 9 mo
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Pull to stand
Play peek-a-boo Imitate sounds |
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things a child should perform by 1 yr
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Walk with one hand held
Release an object on command Come when called 1–2 meaningful words |
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things a child should perform by 18 mo
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Walk up stairs with assistance
spoon-feeding Mimic actions of others At least 6 words |
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things a child should perform by age 2 yr
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Run
Build a tower of 6 blocks Play with others 2–3 word sentences |
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normal vital signs of the newborn
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hr: 120-140 bpm
rr: 30-60 bpm t: 97.5 to 98.6° axilla bp: 50/25- 70/50 |
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normal head and trunk circumference
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head: 13 to 14.5 inches
trunk: 2 to 3cm smaller than the head circumference |
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condition in which half of the body is red and the other half is pale
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Harlequin color change
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in the newborn, when is jaundice considered abnormal
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in the first day of life
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large, slate blue, well-demarcated areas of pigmentation near the buttocks
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Mongolian spots
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bright red, protuberant lesion seen on the face, scalp, back, or anogenital area of the child by 2 mo
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capillary hemangioma
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craniosynostosis, craniofacial anomalies, and severe symmetrical syndactyly
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Apert syndrome or acrocephalosyndactylia
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cutaneous and bony fusion of the hands and feet.
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syndactyly
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term of premature fusion of craneal sutures
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craniosynostosis
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age by which the anterior fontanel should close
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18 mo
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age by which the posterior fontanel should close
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by birth or 2 mo
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Define "voluntary muscle."
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aka. skeletal muscle, moves the body under conscious control.
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bulging fontanels suggest...
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increased icp
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Cornea larger than 1cm in a newborn
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congenital glaucoma
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normal area for heart maximal impulse in the first 48 h
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over xiphoid process
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incomplete closure of the rectus muscles
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Diastasis recti
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meatus located in abnormal ventral position
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hypospadias
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presence of an audible click with abduction of the hips
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positive Ortolani's sign.indicates dysplacia or dislocation
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newborn turns the head and opens the mouth upon touching the cheek
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rooting response
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response present by 5 mo by extending extremities when lifting the infant and bending him over as if falling
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parachute response
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stroking the back of the infant elicits this reflex
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galant's reflex
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most common lethal inherited disease in American whites
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Cystic fibrosis
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most common organism causing respiratory infxs in pts both childs and adults w/ cystic fibrosis
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childs: staph/h. flu
adults: pseudomonas |
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most specific test to dx cystic fibrosis
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sweat chloride
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autosomal recessive disorder due to an extra X chromosome
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klinfelter's syndrome
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term when the brain doesnt separate in two halves
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Holoprosencephaly
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microcephaly, cleft palate, heart defects, polydactily, severe mental deficiency suggest...
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trisomy 13 or patau's syndrome
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inheritance pattern where males are never affected
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mitochondrial
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most common type of atrial septal defect
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ostium secundum
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findings on ekg of a asd
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rvh
right ventricular conduction delay |
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findings on auscultation on an asd pt (3)
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fixed s2 splitting
systolic ejection murmur in the pulmonic area mid-diastolic rumble in the lower right sternal border |
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coarctation of the aorta in a female consider...
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turner's syndrome
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in childs with tetrallogy of fallot, episodes of cyanosis w/ loss of consciousness
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tet spells
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Most common cause of acute bronchiolitis
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respiratory syncytial virus
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age at which there's a peak incidence of acute bronchiolitis
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6 mo
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most common cause of death in childs due to foreign body aspiration
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hot dog aspiration
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maneuver when the pt is choking
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Heimlich maneuver
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to what dz is an infant at risk suckling from a bottle laying flat?
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acute otitis media
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whooping cough
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pertussis
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organism causing pertussis
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bortedella pertussis
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why should erythromycin be avoided in childs < 1 mo?
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can cause infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
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tx for pertussis
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macrolides
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infant with sudden flushing of the face, continous crying and legs curled towards the abdomen. normal pe
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colic
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bilious vomiting without abdominal distention. double bubble sign on x-rays
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duodenal atresia
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why should the mother stop breast-feeding until there's a decrease in bilirubin in an infant with jaundice?
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breast-feeding promotes bilirubin absorption by the gi tract
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hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly w/o jaundice, encephalopathy think...
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reye's syndrome
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hypoglycemic seizures, hepatomegaly, growth retardation and xanthomas on the buttocks and extensor surfaces
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type 1a glycogen storage disease or von Gierke's disease
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hypotonia, macroglossia, hepatomegaly with cardiomegaly. cardiac failure is a common presentation
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type 2 glycogen storage disease or pompe's syndrome
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enzyme deficient in pompe's syndrome
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lysosomal glycosidase
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enzyme deficient in von gierke's syndrome
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glucose 6 phosphatase
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enzyme deficient in mcardle's syndrome
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muscle or glycogen phosphorilase
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excercise intolerance, weakness, severe muscle cramps with myoglobinuria think...
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type 5 glycogen storage disease or mcardle's syndrome
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most common error of carbohydrate metabolism
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galactosemia
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infant with jaundice, renal failure, cataracts and failure to thrive think...
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galactosemia
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mousy odor in a child
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phenylketonuria
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marfan body habitus w/o all the clinical manifestations, think...
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homocystenuria
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most common cause of intestinal obstruction in the first two years of life
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intussuception
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currant-jelly stool think...
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intussuception
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on abdominal film, target or donut sign with lack of bowel gas
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intussuception
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projectile vomiting think...
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pyloric stenosis
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olive-shaped mass in the mid-epigastrium, think...
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pyloric stenosis
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bulge of pyloric muscle into the antrum on barium film
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shoulder sign
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electrolyte imbalances found in pyloric stenosis (2)
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hypochloremic alkalosis
hypokalemia |
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inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and vein on sonogram, double bubble sign on xrays and malposition of the ligament of treitz on upper gi series
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volvulus
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coarse facial features ( depressed nasal bridge and enlarged foreheard), hepato-splenomegaly and cataracts. ua shows mucopolysaccarides, think...
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hurler syndrome
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features similar to hurler's syndrome but no corneal clouding, think...
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hunter's syndrome
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cataplexy, hepato-splenomegaly and mental retardation,think...
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niemann-pick's disease
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yellowish-brown skin pigmentation, hepato-splenomegaly, necrosis of the femoral joint due to osteoporosis,think...
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gaucher's dz
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Hexosaminidase A deficiency
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tay-sachs dz
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macular cherry red spot w/o hepato-splenomegaly,think...
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tay-sachs dz
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rupture of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
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Osgood–Schlatter disease
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obese teen with knee pain causing limping. pe shows limited internal rotation of the hip think...
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slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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films to help dx scfe
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ap and lauenstein or frog-leg x-rays
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hyperreflexia, spasticity type of cerebral palsy
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pyramidal
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choreoathetoid movements, hyperreflexia may not be present in this type of cerebral palsy
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extrapyramidal
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infant presents with hypertension and diarrhea. a palpable mass is felt in the abdomen. xray shows calcification around the tumor, think...
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neuroblastoma
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homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in the urine think...
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neuroblastoma
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how differentiate neuroblastoma from wilm's tumor?
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neuroblastoma shows calcification around the tumor on ct
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child comes in with lesions of different healing stages, spiral fx of long boes or ribs think...
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physical abuse
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child presents with subarachnoid hemorrhages think...
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child abuse
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child is brought to the office repeatedly by the parent w/o obvious reason think...
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munchausen's syndrome by proxy
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What are the 4 defensive principals of war?
SUMM |
Surprise
Security Unity of Command Mass |
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Smooth philtrum, retardation and microcephaly
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FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
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Age in which a child begins laughing out loud, shows dislike when social contact is broken and pushes with feet when held erect
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4 MONTHS
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Autosomal recessive disorder featuring tongue fasciculations and bulbar muscle weakness
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SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY OR WERDNIG-HOFFMAN DISEASE
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Spinal muscular atrophy in the adolescent presenting with proximal muscle weakness and less bulbar musculature involvement
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Kugelberg-Welander Disease
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Management for an immunocompromised pt who's been infected w/ varicella
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HIGH DOSE ACYCLOVIR (500 MG Q8H)
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Neonate presents with the following findings:
- Hydrocephalus - Intracranial calcifications - Chorio-retinitis/Posterior uveitis |
CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
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Milestones for a 4 yo (7)
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1. hopping and galloping
2. alternating feet going up the stairs 3. drawing a cross and square 4. drawing a man with at least two to four parts besides the head 5. know colors 6. group play 7. tell stories in full sentences |
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Most common cause of hypertension in children
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RENOVASCULAR DZ
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child w/ h/o viral illness tx'd w/ ASA presents w/ vomiting, delirium. PE shows hepatomegaly. Labs show high LFT's, NH3 and low glucose..DX?
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REYE'S SYNDROME
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Key-hole appearance of the eye..
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COLOBOMA
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Describe the CHARGE association
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C- COLOBOMAS
H- HEART DEFECTS A- ATRESIA OF NOSE R- RETARDATION G- GENITOURINARY DEFECT E- EAR ANOMALIES |
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Neonate has trouble breathing but apnea improves with crying. Feeding is also impaired. What's the most likely dx?
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CHOANAL ATRESIA
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Milestones a child completes by 2 months (3)
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1- HOLDS HIS HEAD UP
2- SMILES 3- FOLLOWS OBJECTS |
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3 milestones a child completes by 5 months
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- SITS UP W/ SUPPORT
- LAUGHS - REACHES FOR OBJECTS |
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3 milestones a child completes at 11 months
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- WALKS WITH SUPPORT
- STANDS ALONE - FOLLOWS COMMANDS |
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3 milestones a child completes at 1 yo
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- PINCER GRASP
- WALKS ALONE - SCRIBBLES |
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3 milestones a child completes by 2 yo
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- THROWS A BALL OVER HEAD
- RUNS - CLIMBS STAIRS W/ SUPPORT |
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3 milestones a child completes by 3 yo
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- RIDES A TRICYCLE (3)
- DRAWS A CIRCLE - DRESSES ALONE |
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3 milestones a child completes by 6 mo
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- SITS ALONE
- WAVES - BABBLES |
