Pediatrics

Front 1

What is the appropriate size endotracheal tube for a term newborn?

Back 1

3.5

Front 2

Relative to the location of the adult airway in the neck, the child's airway is
a. anterior and higher
b. posterior and higher
c. posterior and lower
d. anterior and lower

Back 2

a. anterior and higher

Front 3

What comprises initial emergent treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Back 3

intubation, OG tube placement, IV hydration, and surgical repair.

Front 4

What are the structural lesions of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Back 4

pulmonary stenosis, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta

Front 5

Which of the following lesions is an acyanotic heart lesion?
a. transposition of the great vessels
b. aortic stenosis
c. total anomalous pulmonary venous return
d. tricuspid atresia

Back 5

b. aortic stenosis

Front 6

If a patient has biphasic stridor, where is the airway obstruction?

Back 6

below the larynx

Front 7

What is the infectious agent causing bronchiolitis?

Back 7

respiratory syncytial virus

Front 8

What is the usual causative agent of croup?

Back 8

Parainfluenza

Front 9

All of the following poisonings may be associated with hyperpyrexia except
a. atropine
b. salicylates
c. amphetamines
d. acetaminophen

Back 9

d. acetaminophen

Front 10

The most common causative agent of bacterial otitis media is what?

Back 10

s. pneumo

Front 11

In a 3 week old, the constellation of patchy bilateral pneumonia, hypoxia, nasal congestion, and bilateral conjunctivitis is caused by what organism?

Back 11

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 12

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?

Back 12

Respiratory arrest

Front 13

You attempt to defibrillate a child weighing 20 kg. How many joules should you use for your initial attempt?

Back 13

40 J

Front 14

When using an ET tube to administer epinephrine, how should the dose compare to IV route of administration?

Back 14

ET tube administration should be 10 times the IV dose

Front 15

What is the most accurate method to determine ET size in a child?

Back 15

A length-based resuscitation tape such as a Broslow tape.

Front 16

You just delivered a baby in a rural ED. At one minute, the child is limp, has a slow and irregular respiratory effort, a HR of 80, acrocyanosis, and some reflex irritability. What is his APGAR?

Back 16

APGAR 4
1 for resp, 1 for HR, 1 for color, 1 for cry, 0 for tone

Front 17

You evaluate a 2-year-old for a retropharyngeal abscess with a soft tissue neck. What is the appropriate positioning for an accurate film?

Back 17

The film should be taken during inspiration with the neck in slight extension.

Front 18

Which of the following is not one of the criteria to diagnose Kawasaki syndrome?
a. fever >5days
b. EKG changes
c. polymorphous rash
d. bilateral nonsuppurative conjunctivitis

Back 18

b. EKG changes

Front 19

Who is at greatest risk for apnea from RSV?

Back 19

Premies and children less than 6 months of age

Front 20

What is the appropriate treatment for Kawasaki syndrome?

Back 20

admission for IV gamma globulin and high dose ASA therapy

Front 21

All of the following are characteristic of simple febrile seizures except
a. duration <15 minutes
b. generalized tonic clonic
c. multiple episodes in a 24 hour period
d. absence of focal postictal neurologic deficits

Back 21

c. multiple episodes in a 24 hour period

Front 22

What is the most reliable sign of acute otitis media?

Back 22

decreased mobility of the tympanic membrane on pneumatic otoscopy

Front 23

What is the antibiotic of choice for treatment of otitis media?

Back 23

amoxicillin

Front 24

What are the most common extracranial and intracranial complications of otitis media?

Back 24

extracranial: hearing loss and TM perforation
intracranial: meningitis

Front 25

The major cause of CSF shunt-associated mortality is what?

Back 25

infection

Front 26

What organism most commonly causes CSF shunt infections?

Back 26

Staph species

Front 27

What is the most common sign/symptom of CSF shunt infection?

Back 27

fever

Front 28

What agent(s) should you use to treat presumed bacteremia in a neonate?

Back 28

ampicillin plus gent or
ampicillin plus cefotaxime

Front 29

When treating a febrile neonate, what organisms do you worry about as infectious agents?

Back 29

group B strep, E coli, Listeria

Front 30

What are the common etiologic agents of pneumonia in children aged 5 and older?

Back 30

1. mycoplasma
2. viruses
3. strep pneumo

Front 31

A sixth month old appears toxic, is febrile and drooling. What is the likely diagnosis?

Back 31

Retropharyngeal abscess

Front 32

A 2 year old has pneumonia in the RLL. She has had 2 previous episodes of pneumonia in the same place over the last 6 months. What is the likely diagnosis?

Back 32

Occult foreign body

Front 33

A one month old presents to the ED with a skull fracture. Caregiver states the baby rolled off a changing table. What is the diagnosis?

Back 33

Child abuse.
Children do not roll at one month.

Front 34

What bone is the most commonly fractured in children?

Back 34

Clavicle

Front 35

When do children develop a social smile?

Back 35

1 to 2 months

Front 36

What's the most common cause of painless rectal bleeding in an infant?

Back 36

1. fissure
2. swallowed maternal blood
3. feed intolerance

Front 37

What is the most common cause of massive painless rectal bleeding in children less than 5 years old?

Back 37

Meckel's diverticulum

Front 38

What are complications other than bleeding associated with a Meckel's diverticulum?

Back 38

Intussusception, internal hernia, volvulus

Front 39

1 week old presents with bilious vomiting, abdominal tenderness, a palpable abdominal mass, and blood-streaked stool. Abdominal x-ray shows a paucity of bowel gas. What is the likely diagnosis, and how is it treated?

Back 39

Midgut volvulus. Treated with IV resuscitation, NGT decompression, and immediate surgical consultation.

Front 40

A 2 year old presents with bilious vomiting and heme positive stools. The child seems lethargic with intermittant screaming. What is the diagnosis, and how is it treated?

Back 40

Intussusception is the most common cause of obstruction in children 3 months to 5 years of age, and it is treated with enema reduction or surgical reduction.

Front 41

What is the age below which you should use an uncuffed tube when intubating?

Back 41

8 years old

Front 42

What is the age below which a needle cricothyroidotomy should be done rather than the open procedure?

Back 42

12 years old

Front 43

What is the dose of atropine when resuscitating a child?

Back 43

0.02 mg/kg, not less than 0.1 mg

Front 44

What is the most common cause of death and disability in children greater than one year of age?

Back 44

Trauma