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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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pharyngitis background
- 80-90% of cases are viral, however should do swab to rule out Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (strep throat)
- may cause rheumatic fever (18 days later) and acute glomerulonephritis (10 days)
pharyngitis symptoms
- pharyngeal exudate, fever headache abdominal pain
- strawberry tongue
- truncal axillary perineal rash
- lymphadenopathy
pharyngitis management
- penicllin/eryhtromycin if allergic
- throw away toothbrush
- contagious from onset of symp to 24h start of antibiotics
Tonsillectomy adenoidectomy considerations (post op)
Diet
- don't eat red/brown liquids - may be conufsed with blood
- milk coats back of throat

Positioning
- keep on side or prone while unconscious, sit up while awake

Comfort - ice collar

Instrunction - discourage coughing/blowing nose

Assessment - excessive swallowing (blood)
tonsils vs adenoids
palatine tonsils

adenoids = tonsils at back of nasopharynx
what are tonsils
lymphoid tissue that filter pathogens and aid instimulation of
otitis media background
patho
- occurs when eustachian tube is blocked, causing build up of secretions in middle ear
- ie edema from infection, allergies
- commonly occurs after RSV or influenza
- common during first 24 mo due to horizontal eustachian tube
otitis media risk factors
- second hand smoke
- formula feeding
- cleft L/P, down syndrome

- daycare centers, high exposure
- winter
otitis media assessment
two types of OM

acute otitis media
- caused by infection
- bulging yellow or red tympanic membrance
- fever

otitis media effusion
- collection of fluid w/o infection
- stiff orange tympanic membrane
- vague findings - cough, rhinits, diarrhea
prevention of OM
- pneumococcal vaccine dec OM 80% in children <2yoa
- complete antibiotics

- breastfeed 6 mo
- upright position while feeding
- no bottle propping

- eliminating tobacco smoke exposure and allergens
treatment of OM
- antibiotics, acetominophen/ibuprofen

- myringotomy and tympanoplasty
- laser incision of ear drum, then placing in tube to equalize pressure
croup syndrome background
- characterized by hoarseness, stridor, and respiratory distress
- may infect epiglottis, or larynx-trachea-bronchi - acute epiglottitis and acute LTB
- viral
croup ss
laryngotracheobronchitis
- barking cough, stridor
- more common in children less than 5yo

acute epiglottitis
- more common in children 2-8yo
- sudden onset of sore throat and dynophagia
- frog croak inspirations, tripod, drooling (because of painful swallow), agitation
croup meds
- racemic epinephrine (nebulizer)
- corticosteriods
- antibiotics
contraindication for croup
- throat examinations contraindicated until perssonel available to do emergency tracheostomy
- this is because an examination may stimulate further obstruction
broncholitis patho
- commonly caused by RSV
- resp epithilial cells lose cilia and fuse forming a multinucleated cell (synctia)
broncholitis ss
- initially a URI + or - OM/conjunctivitis
- progresses to lower resp tract -
- apnea in young infants
broncholitis meds
- bronchodilators
- racemic epinephrine

- no corticosteriods, CPT, antibiotics

- palizvizumab (synagis) - IM antibody
pneumonia etiology
4 types
- viral - more common
- bacterial
- atypical - mycoplasma/strep
- aspiration
Pneumonia nursing management
- lie on affected side to reduce pleural rubbing
- O2, sunctioning
- postural drainage, CPT, nebulizer
pneumonia medications
- antipyretics
- antitussives
- bronchodilators
- antibiotoics

**prevent with pneumococcal vaccine**