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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stridor, wheezing
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upper airway obstruction
tracheal lesions rings and slings FB asthma |
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Upper airway obstruction in a child
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epiglottitis
croup retropharyngeal abscess caustic ingestion FB tonsillar hypertrophy adenopathy thyroglossal duct cyst branchial cleft cyst choanal atresia (nasal obstruction) |
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Bubbly lungs in neonates
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BPD
PIE CF CDH CCAM CLE |
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Child with mass lesions in airways
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lymphangioma
hemangioma antrochoanal polyp angiofibroma neuroblastoma rhabdomyosarcoma lymphadenopathy retention cysts papillomas |
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Neonatal lung masses
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sequestration
CDH CCAM CLE hypoplastic lung phrenic nerve paralysis neuroblastoma |
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Hyperlucent lung
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PTX
CCAM CLE congenital lung cyst BO obstructive emphysema (CF, asthma, PNA, FB, rings, LAD, bronchogenic cyst) |
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Neonatal respiratory distress
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HMD - vol low
TTN MAS - coarse, volume high NP |
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Neonatal PTX
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pressure ventilation
PIE pulmonary hypoplasia |
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Child with small SPN
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bronchogenic cyst
sequestration AVM bronchial atresia round PNA (most common) granuloma abscess plasma cell granuloma neuroblastoma Wilms met |
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Multiple pulmonary nodules
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mets (Wilms, teratoma, rhabdomyosarc, OSA)
laryngeal papillomatosis septic emboli TB / fungus Wegener’s |
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Interstitial lung disease in a child
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storage disease
lymphangiectasia EG LAM viral BPD, HMD TTN MAS NP |
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Chest wall mass in a child
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EG / Ewing's
PNET neuroblastoma mets empyema |
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Neonate with Dilated stomach
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HPS
pylorospasm antral web antral gastritis |
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Double bubble
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duodenal atresia/stenosis/web
annular pancreas Ladd’s bands midgut volvulus preportal vein SMA syndrome |
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Proximal bowel obstruction
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NEONATES-
small bowel atresia/stenosis midgut volvulus Ladd’s bands CHILDREN– intussusception incarcerated inguinal hernia perforated appendicitis |
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Neonate with Distal bowel obstruction
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Hirschsprung’s
meconium plug ileal atresia/stenosis meconium ileus imperforate anus |
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Microcolon
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ileal atresia
meconium ileus total colonic Hirschsprung’s |
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Neonate with pneumatosis
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NEC
CF CVD leukemia obstruction steroids |
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Gasless abdomen
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severe vomiting – gastroenteritis, appendicitis
poor swallowing – esoph atresia, neurologic impairment displaced bowel – CDH, omphalocele, masses, ascites |
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Neonate with Abdominal calcifications
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intraabdominal– meconium peritonitis (most common)
renal– neuroblast, Wilms, nephrocalcin, renal cysts, stones bowel – fecalith of appx, Meckel’s bladder – hemorrhagic cystitis adrenal – hemorrhage, Wolman’s disease cholelithiasis – sickle cell liver – hepatoblastoma, granuloma |
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Neonatal abdominal mass
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RENAL– hydronephrosis, MCDK, mesoblastic nephroma
GI – duplication, meconium pseudocyst RP – adrenal hemorrhage GENITAL– ovarian cyst, hydrometrocolpos HEPATOBIL– hemangioendothelioma, choledochal cyst |
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Abdominal mass in older child
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RENAL– Wilms, hydronephrosis
GI – appendiceal abscess, intussusception, neoplasm RP – neuroblastoma GENITAL– ovarian cyst, teratoma, hydrometrocolpos HEPATOBIL– hepatoblastoma, HCC, mesenchymal hamartoma VP SHUNT– CSFoma |
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Gastric filling defect
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FB (most common)
bezoar duplication ectopic pancreas |
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Thick bowel folds in a child
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enteritis
lymphoma / leukemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura HUS coagulopathies |
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Child with GI bleed
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Meckel’s
juvenile polyps IBD |
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Liver lesions in a child
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cysts
hemangioendothelioma mesenchymal hamartoma hepatoblastoma HCC mets from Wilms or neuroblastoma |
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Child with Fatty liver
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chronic protein malnutrition (most common)
CF glycogen storage disease hepatitis chemotherapy steroids hyperalimentation |
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Child with Cholelithiasis
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sickle cell
thalassemia CF HPT premature infants with HMD |
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Congenital GU anomalies
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*malrotation, ectopic kidney, horseshoe kidney, cross-fused ectopia, renal hypoplasia
*ureteral duplication, ureterocele, UPJ or UVJ obstruction, megaureter *bladder extrophy, prune belly, PUV, hypospadias, caudal regression |
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Cystic renal masses in kids
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hydronephrosis
ARPKD MCDK multilocular cystic nephroma VHL TS cystic Wilms |
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Child w/ Hydronephrosis
(most common abdominal mass in neonates) |
UPJ obstruction
UVJ obstruction ectopic ureterocele PUV prune belly |
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Child w/ Solid renal mass
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Wilms (children)
mesoblastic nephroma (newborns) nephroblastomatosis AML lymphoma / leukemia neuroblastoma |
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Child w/ Adrenal mass
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neonatal hemorrhage (common)
neuroblastoma other RP masses (Wilms, hydro upper pole, RP LAD, hepatoblastoma, splenic mass) |
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Child with Cystic structure in or near bladder wall
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Hutch diverticulum
urachal remnant ureterocele megaureter ovarian cyst mesenteric cyst |
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Child with Interlabial mass
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ectopic ureterocele
periurethral cysts rhabdomyosarcoma of vagina prolapsed urethra imperforate hymen |
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Child with Enlarged head
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hydrocephalus (most common)
SDH hemiatrophy Beckwith-Wiedemann |
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Child with Small head
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absent or atrophic brain
craniosynostosis shunt placement |
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Child with Thick skull
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renal osteodystrophy
HPT anemias leukemia / lymphoma chronic low ICP (shunts mc cause of calvarial thickening) dilantin FD |
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Child with Lytic skull lesions
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EG
leukemia / lymphoma FD dermoid epidermoid HPT |
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Child with Multiple lacunae
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physiologic
increased ICP meningocele encephalocele |
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Wormian bones
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normal, cleidocranial dysostosis, hypothyroidism, OI, pyknodysostosis, Downs – CHOPS
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Harlequin eyes
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craniosynostosis, NF, craniometaphyseal dysplasia
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Congenital nasal masses
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nasal cephalocele, nasal glioma, dermoid/dermal sinus
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Neck mass in infant
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fibromatosis colli, branchial cleft cyst, lymphangioma/hemangioma, thyroglossal duct cyst, thymic cyst, dermoid, adenopathy, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma
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Child with Intracranial calcification
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-physiologic (choroid plexus, pineal gland, falx)
-tumor (craniopharyngioma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma) -infection (TORCH, TB, cysticercosis) -congenital (congenital atrophy, TS, Sturge-Weber), metabolic (hypoparathyroid, Fahr’s) -trauma, vascular (AVM, hematoma, aneurysm) |
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Enlarged sella turcica in kids
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craniopharyngioma (most common)
optic chiasm/hypothalamic glioma increased intracranial pressure empty sella |
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Bone tumors in kids
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chondroblastoma, ABC, NOF, EG, SBC, FD, osteoid osteoma, Ewing’s, OSA, neuroblastoma mets, lymphoma, leukemia
fluid-fluid level – ABC, telangiectatic OSA, GCT, single cysts w/ pathologic fx |
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Widened joint space in kids
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*joint effusion
– septic arthritis - hemarthrosis - transient toxic synovitis - JRA *synovial thickening w/o articular cartilage destruction – JRA - hemophilia |
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Bowed bones
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rickets (most common)
NF OI FD |
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Diffuse osteopenia in kids
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rickets
HPT immobilization JRA |
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Diffuse dense bones in kids
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osteopetrosis, pyknodysostosis
melorheostosis Caffey’s idiopathic hypercalcemia pachydermoperiostosis hypothyroidism syphilis hypervitaminosis D |
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Symmetric periosteal reaction in kids
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physiologic
neuroblastoma lymphoma, leukemia infection Caffey’s, hypervitaminosis A/D prostaglandins scurvy child abuse, trauma sickle cell – SCALP |
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Dwarfs
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achondroplasia
thanatophoric dysplasia OI hypophosphatasia, achondrogenesis multiple epiphyseal dysplasia |
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Deformed epiphysis in kids
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single – AVN, trauma, infection, hypothyroidism
multiple – multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, Morquio’s |
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Stippled epiphysis
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chondrodysplasia punctata
multiple epiphyseal dysplasia AVN hypothyroid coumadin/alcohol embryopathy chromosomal anomalies |
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Enlarged epiphysis in kids
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JRA
hemophilia chronic infection healed Perthes |
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Frayed metaphysis in kids
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*rickets, hypophosphatasia, scurvy
*rubella, syphilis *achondroplasia, metaphyseal dysostosis |
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Transverse metaphyseal lines
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--lucent--
stress lines from any severe dz > 2 yrs consider neuroblast mets, lymphoma, leukemia --dense-- neonatal growth recovery lines >2 yrs lead bands or healing rickets |
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Widened growth plate
>1mm DDx |
rickets (most common)
Salter 1 fx neuroblastoma lymphoma, leukemia infection |
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Metaphyseal fragments
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child abuse / trauma
Blount’s infection |
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Vertebral plana (localized platyspondyly)
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neuroblastoma mets
EG lymphoma, leukemia infection trauma |
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Generalized platyspondyly in kids
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OI
dwarfism Morquio Cushing |
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Fused vertebrae in kids
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isolated fusion
Klippel-Feil syndrome (C2-3 fusion) posttraumatic |
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Atlantoaxial subluxation
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Downs
Morquio JRA trauma |
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Sacral abnormalities
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meningocele
NF presacral teratoma agenesis |
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Pediatric Proximal femur abnormalities
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Perthes
SCFE congenital coxa vara femoral focal deficiency |
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Radial ray deficiency
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absence of 1st and/or 2nd digit, often involves radius
Holt-Oram thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome |
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Polydactyly
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familial
chondroectodermal dysplasia trisomy 13 Meckel-Gruber |
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Short 4th metacarpal
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normal variant
Turner pseudohypoparathyroid pseudopseudohypoparathyroid |
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Long 4th metacarpal
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NF
macrodystrophia lipomatosa |
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Causes of delayed bone age
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hypothyroidism
cyanotic CHD chronic lung disease HGH deficiency |
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Hemihypertrophy DDx
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Wilms
Beckwith-Wiedemann’s AV fistula lymphangioma |
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Down’s syndrome common manifestations
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duodenal atresia
TE fistula EA ECD Hirschsprung’s mult sternal ossification centers 11 ribs |
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Things that happen to premature infants
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HMD
NEC germinal matrix hemorrhage PVL PDA |
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Child with Presacral mass
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rectal duplication
anterior meningocele teratoma neuroblastoma |
